Hive系列 (一)：Hive搭建

Hive系列文章

Hadoop完全分布式搭建（腾讯云服务器+阿里云服务器）

Hive系列 (一)：Hive搭建

Hive系列 (二)：Hive基础知识

Hive系列 (三)：开窗函数详解

Hive系列 (四)：自定义函数UDF UDTF UDAF

Hive系列 (五)：Hive数据类型

Hive系列 (六)：Hive数据类型转换

Hive系列 (七)：Hive常用函数

Hive系列 (八)：Hive中的explode 与 lateral view

Hive系列 (九)：Hive数据存储

Hive系列 (十)：Hive调优

一、环境信息

1. 阿里云ECS—CentOS8
2. jdk8（亲测，最高支持jdk8,再高版本启动hive服务会报错）
3. hadoop 3.3.0
4. hive-3.1.2

二、hive下载安装

1. 下载hive，执行下面命令

   [hadoop@CentOS Downloads]$wget https://apache.claz.org/hive/hive-3.1.2/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz
   

2. 解压

   [hadoop@CentOS Downloads]$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz
   

3. 移动

   [hadoop@CentOS Downloads]$ mv apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/ ../hive-3.1.2/
   [hadoop@CentOS hive-3.1.2]$ pwd
   /home/hadoop/hive-3.1.2
   

   Hive根据metastore的存储位置不同，分为三种安装模式：内嵌模式，本地模式，远程模式。内嵌模式就是使用derdy存储元数据；本地模式是将hvie.metastore.local设置为true，就是说metastore和hive客户端安装在同一台机器上；远程模式指的是我们明确指定metastore安装的机器位置，而且可以指定多个，需要给定参数hive.metastore.uris并且hive.metastore.local必须设置为false。
   Hive远程模式安装，使用mysql进行元数据的存储。安装步骤：
   （1） 安装mysql数据库。
   （2） hive本地模式安装。

三、mysql下载安装及配置

1. 下载安装mysql

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ sudo yum install mysql
   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ sudo yum install mysql-server
   

2. 修改mysql配置文件

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$sudo vim /etc/my.cnf
   

   在文件末尾添加

   [mysql]
   default-character-set=utf8
   [mysqld]
   character-set-server=utf8
   lower_case_table_names=1
   

   查找yum安装软件位置：

   #查找安装包
   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ rpm -qa|grep mysql
   mysql-errmsg-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.x86_64
   mysql-common-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.x86_64
   mysql-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.x86_64
   mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.x86_64
   
   #查找安装包的安装位置
   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ rpm -ql mysql-server-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.x86_64
   
   

3. 启动mysql服务

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ sudo service mysqld start
   Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
   

4. 设置root密码

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ mysqladmin -u root password 123456
   mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
   Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
   

5. 启动

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ sudo service mysqld start
   Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
   

6. 登录

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ mysql -u root -p
   Enter password: 
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 12
   Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   mysql> 
   

7. 创建hive用户并授权

   mysql> create user 'hive' identified by 'hive';
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
   
   mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' with grant option;
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
   

8. 重启mysql服务

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ sudo service mysqld restart
   [sudo] password for hadoop: 
   Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service
   

9. 使用hive用户登录测试连接

   [hadoop@CentOS ~]$ mysql -u hive -p
   Enter password: 
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 8
   Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   --创建数据库
   mysql> 
   mysql> create database hive;
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
   
   mysql> alter database hive character set latin1;
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
   mysql> 
   

10. 下载mysql jar包，将jar包放入hive lib目录下

    [hadoop@CentOS Downloads]$ wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/mysql/mysql-connector-java/8.0.21/mysql-connector-java-8.0.21.jar
    --2021-06-16 16:48:39--  https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/mysql/mysql-connector-java/8.0.21/mysql-connector-java-8.0.21.jar
    Resolving repo1.maven.org (repo1.maven.org)... 151.101.196.209
    Connecting to repo1.maven.org (repo1.maven.org)|151.101.196.209|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 2397321 (2.3M) [application/java-archive]
    Saving to: ‘mysql-connector-java-8.0.21.jar’
    
    mysql-connector-java-8.0 100%[==============================