通过ViewTreeObserver获取View最终的大小及源码分析

通过ViewTreeObserver获取View最终的大小及源码分析

在onCreate、onStart、onResume里无法正确获取View的宽高。
可在Activity#onCreate()中设置监听
当View树的状态发生改变或者View的内部的View可见性发生改变时，onGlobalLayout方法会被调用

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    final View decorView = getWindow().getDecorView();
    decorView.getViewTreeObserver()
            .addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
                @Override 
                public void onGlobalLayout() {
                    //可在此获取控件的宽高 -----<<<<<
                    decorView.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this);
                }
            });
}  

伴随着View数的状态改变等，onGlobalLayout会被调用多次。

具体测试

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        final View decorView = getWindow().getDecorView();
        decorView.getViewTreeObserver()
                .addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onGlobalLayout() {
                        //可在此获取控件的宽高
                        Log.i("Z-Main", "onGlobalLayout");
                        decorView.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this);
                    }
                });

        decorView.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Log.i("Z-Main", "decorView.post");
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Log.i("Z-Main", "onResume" + i);
            SystemClock.sleep(500);
        }
    }
}

在activity_main布局中有一个RippleButton

public class RippleButton extends Button {
    public RippleButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        Log.i("Z-Main", "RippleButton onMeasure");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
        Log.i("Z-Main", "RippleButton onLayout");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        Log.i("Z-Main", "RippleButton onDraw");
    }
}

执行后打印日志如下

01-12 01:32:12.357 23414-23414/? I/Z-Main: onResume0
01-12 01:32:12.858 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume1
01-12 01:32:13.358 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume2
01-12 01:32:13.858 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume3
01-12 01:32:14.359 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume4
01-12 01:32:14.859 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume5
01-12 01:32:15.360 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume6
01-12 01:32:15.860 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume7
01-12 01:32:16.362 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume8
01-12 01:32:16.863 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume9
01-12 01:32:17.449 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onMeasure
01-12 01:32:17.449 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onMeasure
01-12 01:32:17.486 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onLayout
01-12 01:32:17.491 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onGlobalLayout
01-12 01:32:17.552 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onDraw
01-12 01:32:17.553 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onDraw
01-12 01:32:17.601 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onMeasure
01-12 01:32:17.601 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onMeasure
01-12 01:32:17.601 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onLayout
01-12 01:32:17.605 23414-23414/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onDraw

从日志中可以发现onGlobalLayout在第一次onLayout之后调用，而在执行onLayout方法时，View的宽高一般情况下已是最终宽高了 (特殊情况除外，特殊情况会多次调用onDraw后，View宽高可能还会改变)。

并且，可知View的三大流程 (onMeasure、onLayout、onDraw) 都是在onResume执行完毕之后才执行的，那么，为什么会这样呢 ？

源码分析

我们都知道，通过ActivityThread#handleLaunchActivity()方法，会完成Activity的启动。

ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity()

private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
    //...
    Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);

    if (a != null) {
        //...
        //内部调用Activity#onResume()
        handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
                !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed);  
        //...
    } else {
        //finish activity
        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
            .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false);
    }
}  

可以发现，handleLaunchActivity()中调用了performLaunchActivity

performLaunchActivity具体做了哪些事可以看ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity方法分析

这里，我们只关心我们关心的内容。

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
    //...
    //通过类加载器创建Activity的实例
    java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
    activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
            cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
    //...

    //如果Application没有被创建，那么创建它
    Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);

    //...
    //关联运行过程中所依赖的一系列上下文环境变量
    activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
            r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
            r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
            r.voiceInteractor);


    //内部调用Activity#onCreate()
    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);

    //内部调用Activity#onCreate()
    activity.performStart();
    r.stopped = false;       

    //内部调用Activity#onRestoreInstanceState()
    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state,
            r.persistentState);
    }

    //内部调用Activity#onPostCreate()
    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state,
            r.persistentState);

    r.paused = true;
    mActivities.put(r.token, r);

    return activity;
}  

可以看到，在初始化Activity后，执行了Activity的一系列生命周期

执行完performLaunchActivity()后，在handleLaunchActivity()中调用了handleResumeActivity();

final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token,
       boolean clearHide, boolean isForward, boolean reallyResume) {
    //...
    //内部调用Activity.performResume() -> Activity.onResume()
    ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide);
    //...
    if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
        //...   
        r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
        View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
        //先将DecorView设为不可见
        decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
        WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
        a.mDecor = decor;
        l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
        l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
        if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
            a.mWindowAdded = true;

            //将DecorView添加到Window
            wm.addView(decor, l);
        }
        //...
        //将DecorView添加到Window(如果还没有添加)，将Activity的显示置为Visible
        r.activity.makeVisible();
       //...
    } else {
         //finish activity
         ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
                .finishActivity(token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false);
    }
}

可以看到，在初始化DecorView之后，将DecorView添加到了window中，这将调用一系列方法，最终，会调用到ViewRootImpl的performTraversals()，在此方法中，完成View的三大流程，measure、layout、draw。

private void performTraversals() {
    //...

    if (mFirst) {
        //...

        if (!mStopped) {
                //...
                performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

                //...

                if (measureAgain) {
                    performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
                }

                layoutRequested = true;
            }
        }
    } else {
        desiredWindowWidth = frame.width();
        desiredWindowHeight = frame.height();
        //...
    }
    //..
    boolean triggerGlobalLayoutListener = didLayout
            || mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes;
    if (didLayout) {
        performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
        //...
    }

    if (triggerGlobalLayoutListener) {
        mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = false;
        //调用ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener.onGlobalLayout()
        //此方法在第一次onLayout之后执行，可设置addOnGlobalLayoutListener来获取布局宽高
        mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnGlobalLayout();
    }

    //...

    boolean cancelDraw = mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnPreDraw() ||
            viewVisibility != View.VISIBLE;

    if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
        if (!skipDraw || mReportNextDraw) {
            //...
            performDraw();
        }
    } else {
        if (viewVisibility == View.VISIBLE) {
            // Try again ------ <<< 重新进行一次View三大流程
            scheduleTraversals();
        } else if (mPendingTransitions != null && mPendingTransitions.size() > 0) {
            for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTransitions.size(); ++i) {
                mPendingTransitions.get(i).endChangingAnimations();
            }
            mPendingTransitions.clear();
        }
    }

    mIsInTraversal = false;
}

可以看到，如果triggerGlobalLayoutListener为true，那么就会调用mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnGlobalLayout()，从而调用我们设置的监听。

为true的条件有两个需要layout或者View.AppInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes为true

    /**
     * Indicates that ViewAncestor should trigger a global layout change
     * the next time it performs a traversal
     */
    boolean mRecomputeGlobalAttributes;  

根据注释，可知为mRecomputeGlobalAttributes为下一次performTranversal是否引发全局layout的改变。

根据打印的日志，我们发现View的三大流程 (onMeasure、onLayout、onDraw) 都是在onResume执行完毕之后才执行的。而通过上面的源码分析，印证了，View的三大流程是在onResume之后进行调用的。

其他方式

在OnCreate中调用

 decorView.post(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //获取View的宽高
        }
    });  

通过post可以将一个runnable投递到消息队列的尾部，然后等待Looper调用此runnalbe的时候，View也已经初始化好了。

打印日志如下

01-12 03:01:21.851 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume0
01-12 03:01:22.351 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume1
01-12 03:01:22.852 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume2
01-12 03:01:23.352 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume3
01-12 03:01:23.853 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume4
01-12 03:01:24.353 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume5
01-12 03:01:24.854 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume6
01-12 03:01:25.355 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume7
01-12 03:01:25.855 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume8
01-12 03:01:26.356 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onResume9
01-12 03:01:26.944 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onMeasure
01-12 03:01:26.971 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onLayout
01-12 03:01:26.974 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: onGlobalLayout
01-12 03:01:27.019 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: decorView.post
01-12 03:01:27.021 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onDraw
01-12 03:01:27.022 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onDraw
01-12 03:01:27.118 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onMeasure
01-12 03:01:27.118 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onLayout
01-12 03:01:27.119 27432-27432/com.ethanco.rippledrawabletest I/Z-Main: RippleButton onDraw