使用python学习世界名画的画画风格

首先，这篇文章来自知乎某大佬，进行了部分修改。

附上我的转化结果：

第一张是我们学校，第二张是梵高的星空，第三张是转化的结果。
是不是看起来美多了，很有文艺气息。
接下来就是介绍如何实现的了。

首先，需要安装使用的模块，pip一键搞定：

pip3 install keras
pip3 install h5py
pip3 install tensorflow

TensorFlow的安装可能不翻墙的话下载的比较慢，也可以源码安装。自己把握。（TensorFlow只能python3.5安装，所以先下载一个3.5版本的）
然后下载VGG16模型，百度云连接：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1pLUPOkN 密码：4nud放在如下目录：

接下来，附上源码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import print_function

from keras.preprocessing.image import load_img, img_to_array

from scipy.misc import imsave

import numpy as np

from scipy.optimize import fmin_l_bfgs_b

import time

import argparse



from keras.applications import vgg16

from keras import backend as K



parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Neural style transfer with Keras.')

parser.add_argument('base_image_path', metavar='base', type=str,
                    help='Path to the image to transform.')

parser.add_argument('style_reference_image_path', metavar='ref', type=str,
                    help='Path to the style reference image.')

parser.add_argument('result_prefix', metavar='res_prefix', type=str,
                    help='Prefix for the saved results.')

parser.add_argument('--iter', type=int, default=10, required=False,
                    help='Number of iterations to run.')

parser.add_argument('--content_weight', type=float, default=0.025, required=False,
                    help='Content weight.')

parser.add_argument('--style_weight', type=float, default=1.0, required=False,
                    help='Style weight.')

parser.add_argument('--tv_weight', type=float, default=1.0, required=False,
                    help='Total Variation weight.')



args = parser.parse_args()

base_image_path = args.base_image_path

style_reference_image_path = args.style_reference_image_path

result_prefix = args.result_prefix

iterations = args.iter



# these are the weights of the different loss components
total_variation_weight = args.tv_weight

style_weight = args.style_weight

content_weight = args.content_weight



# dimensions of the generated picture.
width, height = load_img(base_image_path).size

img_nrows = 400
img_ncols = int(width * img_nrows / height)



# util function to open, resize and format pictures into appropriate tensors


def preprocess_image(image_path):

    img = load_img(image_path, target_size=(img_nrows, img_ncols))

    img = img_to_array(img)

    img = np.expand_dims(img, axis=0)

    img = vgg16.preprocess_input(img)

    return img



# util function to convert a tensor into a valid image


def deprocess_image(x):

    if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

        x = x.reshape((3, img_nrows, img_ncols))

        x = x.transpose((1, 2, 0))

    else:

        x = x.reshape((img_nrows, img_ncols, 3))

    # Remove zero-center by mean pixel
    x[:, :, 0] += 103.939
    x[:, :, 1] += 116.779
    x[:, :, 2] += 123.68
    # 'BGR'->'RGB'
    x = x[:, :, ::-1]

    x = np.clip(x, 0, 255).astype('uint8')

    return x



# get tensor representations of our images
base_image = K.variable(preprocess_image(base_image_path))

style_reference_image = K.variable(preprocess_image(style_reference_image_path))



# this will contain our generated image
if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

    combination_image = K.placeholder((1, 3, img_nrows, img_ncols))

else:

    combination_image = K.placeholder((1, img_nrows, img_ncols, 3))



# combine the 3 images into a single Keras tensor
input_tensor = K.concatenate([base_image,
                              style_reference_image,
                              combination_image], axis=0)



# build the VGG16 network with our 3 images as input
# the model will be loaded with pre-trained ImageNet weights
model = vgg16.VGG16(input_tensor=input_tensor,
                    weights='imagenet', include_top=False)

print('Model loaded.')



# get the symbolic outputs of each "key" layer (we gave them unique names).
outputs_dict = dict([(layer.name, layer.output) for layer in model.layers])



# compute the neural style loss
# first we need to define 4 util functions

# the gram matrix of an image tensor (feature-wise outer product)


def gram_matrix(x):

    assert K.ndim(x) == 3
    if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

        features = K.batch_flatten(x)

    else:

        features = K.batch_flatten(K.permute_dimensions(x, (2, 0, 1)))

    gram = K.dot(features, K.transpose(features))

    return gram



# the "style loss" is designed to maintain
# the style of the reference image in the generated image.
# It is based on the gram matrices (which capture style) of
# feature maps from the style reference image
# and from the generated image


def style_loss(style, combination):

    assert K.ndim(style) == 3
    assert K.ndim(combination) == 3
    S = gram_matrix(style)

    C = gram_matrix(combination)

    channels = 3
    size = img_nrows * img_ncols

    return K.sum(K.square(S - C)) / (4. * (channels ** 2) * (size ** 2))



# an auxiliary loss function
# designed to maintain the "content" of the
# base image in the generated image


def content_loss(base, combination):

    return K.sum(K.square(combination - base))



# the 3rd loss function, total variation loss,
# designed to keep the generated image locally coherent


def total_variation_loss(x):

    assert K.ndim(x) == 4
    if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

        a = K.square(x[:, :, :img_nrows - 1, :img_ncols - 1] - x[:, :, 1:, :img_ncols - 1])

        b = K.square(x[:, :, :img_nrows - 1, :img_ncols - 1] - x[:, :, :img_nrows - 1, 1:])

    else:

        a = K.square(x[:, :img_nrows - 1, :img_ncols - 1, :] - x[:, 1:, :img_ncols - 1, :])

        b = K.square(x[:, :img_nrows - 1, :img_ncols - 1, :] - x[:, :img_nrows - 1, 1:, :])

    return K.sum(K.pow(a + b, 1.25))



# combine these loss functions into a single scalar
loss = K.variable(0.)

layer_features = outputs_dict['block4_conv2']

base_image_features = layer_features[0, :, :, :]

combination_features = layer_features[2, :, :, :]

loss += content_weight * content_loss(base_image_features,
                                      combination_features)



feature_layers = ['block1_conv1', 'block2_conv1',
                  'block3_conv1', 'block4_conv1',
                  'block5_conv1']

for layer_name in feature_layers:

    layer_features = outputs_dict[layer_name]

    style_reference_features = layer_features[1, :, :, :]

    combination_features = layer_features[2, :, :, :]

    sl = style_loss(style_reference_features, combination_features)

    loss += (style_weight / len(feature_layers)) * sl

loss += total_variation_weight * total_variation_loss(combination_image)



# get the gradients of the generated image wrt the loss
grads = K.gradients(loss, combination_image)



outputs = [loss]

if isinstance(grads, (list, tuple)):

    outputs += grads

else:

    outputs.append(grads)



f_outputs = K.function([combination_image], outputs)





def eval_loss_and_grads(x):

    if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

        x = x.reshape((1, 3, img_nrows, img_ncols))

    else:

        x = x.reshape((1, img_nrows, img_ncols, 3))

    outs = f_outputs([x])

    loss_value = outs[0]

    if len(outs[1:]) == 1:

        grad_values = outs[1].flatten().astype('float64')

    else:

        grad_values = np.array(outs[1:]).flatten().astype('float64')

    return loss_value, grad_values



# this Evaluator class makes it possible
# to compute loss and gradients in one pass
# while retrieving them via two separate functions,
# "loss" and "grads". This is done because scipy.optimize
# requires separate functions for loss and gradients,
# but computing them separately would be inefficient.


class Evaluator(object):



    def __init__(self):

        self.loss_value = None
        self.grads_values = None

    def loss(self, x):

        assert self.loss_value is None
        loss_value, grad_values = eval_loss_and_grads(x)

        self.loss_value = loss_value

        self.grad_values = grad_values

        return self.loss_value



    def grads(self, x):

        assert self.loss_value is not None
        grad_values = np.copy(self.grad_values)

        self.loss_value = None
        self.grad_values = None
        return grad_values



evaluator = Evaluator()



# run scipy-based optimization (L-BFGS) over the pixels of the generated image
# so as to minimize the neural style loss
if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

    x = np.random.uniform(0, 255, (1, 3, img_nrows, img_ncols)) - 128.
else:

    x = np.random.uniform(0, 255, (1, img_nrows, img_ncols, 3)) - 128.

for i in range(iterations):

    print('Start of iteration', i)

    start_time = time.time()

    x, min_val, info = fmin_l_bfgs_b(evaluator.loss, x.flatten(),
                                     fprime=evaluator.grads, maxfun=20)

    print('Current loss value:', min_val)

    # save current generated image
    img = deprocess_image(x.copy())

    fname = result_prefix + '_at_iteration_%d.png' % i

    imsave(fname, img)

    end_time = time.time()

    print('Image saved as', fname)

    print('Iteration %d completed in %ds' % (i, end_time - start_time))

将上面代码复制、粘贴到一个文件，例如crawl.py，然后执行代码：

pythoncrawl.py 待转化图片路径  模板图片路径  保存的生产图片路径加名称（注意不需要有.jpg等后缀） python crawl.py  ./me.jpg   ./starry_night.jpg   ./me_t

然后就开始进行迭代，注意如果按上述代码执行，默认只迭代10次，可能效果不是太好，可以在末尾加上迭代次数：

python crawl.py   ./me.jpg   ./starry_night.jpg   ./me_t  --iter  20

这样将会迭代20次

尽量使用CPU差不多的电脑，不然这三十张就是几个小时的时间才能完成。