Python数据分析——Matplotlib

一、pyplot
（1）绘图区域

plt.subplot(nrows, ncols, plot_number)

e.g.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def fun(x):
    return np.exp(-x) * np.cos(2*np.pi*x)

a=np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.02)

plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(a, fun(a))

plt.subplot(2,1,2)
plt.plot(a, np.cos(2*np.pi*a), 'r--')
plt.show

（2）plot函数

plt.plot(x, y, format_string, **kwargs)

format_string由
颜色字符，'r', '#008000'；
风格字符'-','--';
标记字符组成'.','o','v'。
e.g.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

a = np.arange(10)
plt.plot(a, a*1.5, 'go-', a, a*2.5, 'rx', a, a*3.5, '', a, a*4.5, 'b-.')
plt.show()

（3）文本显示

plt.xlabel()
plt.ylabel()
plt.title()
plt.text()
plt.annotate()

e.g.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

a = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.02)
plt.plot(a, np.cos(2*np.pi*a), 'r--')


plt.xlabel('time', fontsize=15, color='green')
plt.ylabel('frequence', fontsize=15)
plt.title(r'$y=cos(2\pi x)$', fontsize=25)
plt.text(2, 1, r'$\mu=100$', fontsize=15)

plt.axis([-1,6,-2,2])
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

（4）子绘图区域

plt.subplot2grid(GridSpec, CurSpec, colspan=1, rowspan=1)
e.g.
plt.subplot2grid((3,3), (1,0), colspan=2)

GridSpec类

gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3,3)
ax1 = plt.subplot(gs[0, :])

二、金融学图表
http://blog.csdn.net/u014281392/article/details/73611624
http://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/5120079.html
matplotlib.finance 中的quotes_historical_yahoo_ohlc中的yahoo源已失效，考虑使用tushare获取数据

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.finance as mpf
import tushare as ts
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

cmb = ts.get_k_data('600036', '2017-06-01')
print cmb.info()
print cmb[:3]

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Int64Index: 168 entries, 97 to 264
Data columns (total 7 columns):
date      168 non-null object
open      168 non-null float64
close     168 non-null float64
high      168 non-null float64
low       168 non-null float64
volume    168 non-null float64
code      168 non-null object
dtypes: float64(5), object(2)
memory usage: 10.5+ KB
None
          date    open   close    high     low    volume    code
97  2017-06-01  21.595  21.847  21.905  21.499  780922.0  600036
98  2017-06-02  21.953  21.431  22.002  21.344  510194.0  600036
99  2017-06-05  21.209  21.257  21.441  20.889  650265.0  600036

tussore的数据类型是DataFrame，将其转换mpf.candlestick_ochl（）可处理的浮点数格式mat_cmb

[[736481.0 21.595 21.847 21.905 21.499 780922.0 '600036']
 [736482.0 21.953 21.431 22.002 21.344 510194.0 '600036']
 [736485.0 21.209 21.257 21.441 20.889 650265.0 '600036']]

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 5))
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2)
mpf.candlestick_ochl(ax, mat_cmb, width=0.6, colorup='b', colordown='r')
plt.grid(True)
ax.xaxis_date()
ax.autoscale_view()
plt.setp(plt.gca().get_xticklabels(), rotation=30)
plt.show()

colordown:收盘价小于开盘价时的矩形颜色
colorup:收盘价大于等于开盘价时的矩形颜色