Linux环境grep搜索方法记录

1 grep

grep 命令，用来搜索字符串所在位置，可以具体到不同文件，不同行；
在Linux 下，查看命令释义如下

zhaoc@ubuntu2004:~$ grep --help
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERNS [FILE]...
Search for PATTERNS in each FILE.
Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c
PATTERNS can contain multiple patterns separated by newlines.

Pattern selection and interpretation:
  -E, --extended-regexp     PATTERNS are extended regular expressions
  -F, --fixed-strings       PATTERNS are strings
  -G, --basic-regexp        PATTERNS are basic regular expressions
  -P, --perl-regexp         PATTERNS are Perl regular expressions
  -e, --regexp=PATTERNS     use PATTERNS for matching
  -f, --file=FILE           take PATTERNS from FILE
  -i, --ignore-case         ignore case distinctions in patterns and data
      --no-ignore-case      do not ignore case distinctions (default)
  -w, --word-regexp         match only whole words
  -x, --line-regexp         match only whole lines
  -z, --null-data           a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline

Miscellaneous:
  -s, --no-messages         suppress error messages
  -v, --invert-match        select non-matching lines
  -V, --version             display version information and exit
      --help                display this help text and exit

Output control:
  -m, --max-count=NUM       stop after NUM selected lines
  -b, --byte-offset         print the byte offset with output lines
  -n, --line-number         print line number with output lines
      --line-buffered       flush output on every line
  -H, --with-filename       print file name with output lines
  -h, --no-filename         suppress the file name prefix on output
      --label=LABEL         use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix
  -o, --only-matching       show only nonempty parts of lines that match
  -q, --quiet, --silent     suppress all normal output
      --binary-files=TYPE   assume that binary files are TYPE;
                            TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'
  -a, --text                equivalent to --binary-files=text
  -I                        equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
  -d, --directories=ACTION  how to handle directories;
                            ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'
  -D, --devices=ACTION      how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
                            ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'
  -r, --recursive           like --directories=recurse
  -R, --dereference-recursive  likewise, but follow all symlinks
      --include=GLOB        search only files that match GLOB (a file pattern)
      --exclude=GLOB        skip files that match GLOB
      --exclude-from=FILE   skip files that match any file pattern from FILE
      --exclude-dir=GLOB    skip directories that match GLOB
  -L, --files-without-match  print only names of FILEs with no selected lines
  -l, --files-with-matches  print only names of FILEs with selected lines
  -c, --count               print only a count of selected lines per FILE
  -T, --initial-tab         make tabs line up (if needed)
  -Z, --null                print 0 byte after FILE name

Context control:
  -B, --before-context=NUM  print NUM lines of leading context
  -A, --after-context=NUM   print NUM lines of trailing context
  -C, --context=NUM         print NUM lines of output context
  -NUM                      same as --context=NUM
      --color[=WHEN],
      --colour[=WHEN]       use markers to highlight the matching strings;
                            WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'
  -U, --binary              do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)

When FILE is '-', read standard input.  With no FILE, read '.' if
recursive, '-' otherwise.  With fewer than two FILEs, assume -h.
Exit status is 0 if any line (or file if -L) is selected, 1 otherwise;
if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2.

Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org
GNU grep home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

2 搜索方式

2.1 通用格式

我目前使用的命令，通用格式如下

grep <命令选项（可选）> <附加命令项（可选）> <带搜索字符串（支持正则）> <路径（默认为当前路径）>

2.2 当前路径搜索

在当前路径搜索特定字符串，并显示出对应行数

grep -rn "zhaoc"

2.3 指定路径搜索

grep -rn zhaoc  ~/11-tools/

2.4 搜索指定文件类型

grep -rin --include=*.h --include=*.cpp foo <可选搜索路径>

实际操作，举例如下：

zhaoc@ubuntu2004:~$ date; grep -rn --include="*h" include ~/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/
2023年 12月 31日 星期日 22:18:09 CST
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/BasicInclude.h:4:#include <iostream>
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/BasicInclude.h:5:#include <string>
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/BasicInclude.h:6:#include <string.h>
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/BasicInclude.h:7:#include <vector>
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/CppWheels_Other.h:4:#include "BasicInclude.h"
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/CppWheels_Other.h:5:#include "Linuxcpptypes.h"
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/LinuxCppInterface/CppWheels_String.h:4:#include "BasicInclude.h"
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/CppInterface/CppWheels_String.h:4:#include <iostream>
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/CppInterface/CppWheels_String.h:5:#include <string>
/home/zhaoc/gitRepository/UsefulWheels/CppInterface/CppWheels_String.h:6:#include <vector>