Android五种数据传递方法汇总

Android开发中，在不同模块(如Activity)间经常会有各种各样的数据需要相互传递，我把常用的几种方法都收集到了一起。它们各有利弊，有各自的应用场景。

我现在把它们集中到一个例子中展示,在例子中每一个按纽代表了一种实现方法。

   1. 利用Intent对象携带简单数据

    利用Intent的Extra部分来存储我们想要传递的数据，可以传送int, long, char等一些基础类型,对复杂的对象就无能为力了。

       1.1 设置参数

          //传递些简单的参数 

   Intent intentSimple = new Intent(); 

   intentSimple.setClass(MainActivity.this,SimpleActivity.class); 

     

   Bundle bundleSimple = new Bundle(); 

   bundleSimple.putString("usr", "xcl"); 

   bundleSimple.putString("pwd", "zj"); 

   intentSimple.putExtras(bundleSimple); 

                  

   startActivity(intentSimple);

      1.2 接收参数

   [java]

          this.setTitle("简单的参数传递例子"); 

     

   //接收参数 

   Bundle bunde = this.getIntent().getExtras(); 

   String eml = bunde.getString("usr"); 

   String pwd = bunde.getString("pwd");  

    

   2. 利用Intent对象携带如ArrayList之类复杂些的数据

    这种原理是和上面一种是一样的，只是要注意下。 在传参数前，要用新增加一个List将对象包起来。

   2.1 设置参数

   //传递复杂些的参数 

   Map<String, Object> map1 = new HashMap<String,Object>(); 

   map1.put("key1", "value1"); 

   map1.put("key2", "value2"); 

   List<Map<String, Object>> list = newArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); 

   list.add(map1); 

                          

   Intent intent = new Intent(); 

   intent.setClass(MainActivity.this,ComplexActivity.class); 

   Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); 

   //须定义一个list用于在budnle中传递需要传递的ArrayList<Object>,这个是必须要的 

   ArrayList bundlelist = new ArrayList();  

   bundlelist.add(list);  

    bundle.putParcelableArrayList("list",bundlelist); 

   intent.putExtras(bundle);               

   startActivity(intent); 

   2.2 接收参数

           //接收参数 

            Bundle bundle = getIntent().getExtras();  

            ArrayList list = bundle.getParcelableArrayList("list"); 

           //从List中将参数转回 List<Map<String, Object>> 

            List<Map<String, Object>> lists= (List<Map<String,Object>>)list.get(0); 

            

            String sResult = ""; 

            for (Map<String, Object> m : lists)   

            {   

                 for (String k :m.keySet())   

                 {   

                      sResult +="\r\n"+k + " : " + m.get(k);   

                 }           

            }   

    

   3. 通过实现Serializable接口

   3.1 设置参数

    利用Java语言本身的特性，通过将数据序列化后，再将其传递出去。

   //通过Serializable接口传参数的例子 

   HashMap<String,String> map2 = newHashMap<String,String>(); 

   map2.put("key1", "value1"); 

   map2.put("key2", "value2"); 

     

   Bundle bundleSerializable = new Bundle(); 

   bundleSerializable.putSerializable("serializable", map2); 

   Intent intentSerializable = new Intent();    

   intentSerializable.putExtras(bundleSerializable); 

   intentSerializable.setClass(MainActivity.this,  

                                SerializableActivity.class);                     

   startActivity(intentSerializable);   

   3.2 接收参数

   [java]

              this.setTitle("Serializable例子"); 

     

     //接收参数 

      Bundle bundle = this.getIntent().getExtras();     

      //如果传 LinkedHashMap，则bundle.getSerializable转换时会报ClassCastException，不知道什么原因 

      //传HashMap倒没有问题。       

      HashMap<String,String> map = (HashMap<String,String>)bundle.getSerializable("serializable"); 

                                 

   String sResult = "map.size() ="+map.size(); 

     

   Iterator iter = map.entrySet().iterator(); 

   while(iter.hasNext()) 

   { 

       Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)iter.next(); 

       Object key = entry.getKey(); 

       Object value = entry.getValue(); 

       sResult +="\r\n key----> "+(String)key; 

       sResult +="\r\n value----> "+(String)value;           

   } 

    

   4. 通过实现Parcelable接口

    这个是通过实现Parcelable接口，把要传的数据打包在里面，然后在接收端自己分解出来。这个是Android独有的，在其本身的源码中也用得很多，效率要比Serializable相对要好。

   4.1 首先要定义一个类，用于实现Parcelable接口

    因为其本质也是序列化数据，所以这里要注意定义顺序要与解析顺序要一致噢。

   [java]

   public class XclParcelable implements Parcelable { 

         

       //定义要被传输的数据 

       public int mInt; 

       public String mStr; 

       public HashMap<String,String> mMap = newHashMap<String,String>(); 

         

       //Describe the kinds of special objects contained in this Parcelable'smarshalled representation. 

       public int describeContents() { 

           return 0; 

       } 

     

       //Flatten this object in to a Parcel. 

       public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) { 

           //等于将数据映射到Parcel中去 

           out.writeInt(mInt);         

           out.writeString(mStr); 

           out.writeMap(mMap); 

       } 

     

       //Interface that must be implemented and provided as a public CREATORfield  

       //that generates instances of your Parcelable class from a Parcel.  

       public static finalParcelable.Creator<XclParcelable> CREATOR 

                = newParcelable.Creator<XclParcelable>() { 

           public XclParcelable createFromParcel(Parcel in) { 

                return newXclParcelable(in); 

           } 

     

           public XclParcelable[] newArray(int size) { 

                return newXclParcelable[size]; 

           } 

       }; 

         

       private XclParcelable(Parcel in) { 

           //将映射在Parcel对象中的数据还原回来 

           //警告，这里顺序一定要和writeToParcel中定义的顺序一致才行!!! 

           mInt = in.readInt();         

           mStr  = in.readString(); 

           mMap  =in.readHashMap(HashMap.class.getClassLoader()); 

       } 

     

       public XclParcelable() { 

           // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 

       } 

   } 

    

   4.2  设置参数

   //通过实现Parcelable接口传参的例子 

                        Intent intentParcelable= new Intent();                  

                        XclParcelable xp = newXclParcelable();              

                        xp.mInt = 1; 

                        xp.mStr = "字符串"; 

                        xp.mMap = newHashMap<String,String>(); 

                       xp.mMap.put("key", "value");                     

                       intentParcelable.putExtra("Parcelable", xp);                     

                       intentParcelable.setClass(MainActivity.this,  

                                                 ParcelableActivity.class);    

                       startActivity(intentParcelable);    

    

   4.3 接收参数

   <span style="white-space:pre">     </span>this.setTitle("Parcelable例子"); 

             

           //接收参数 

           Intent i = getIntent();    

           XclParcelable xp = i.getParcelableExtra("Parcelable");    

     

           TextView  tv =(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv); 

           tv.setText(  " mInt="+xp.mInt  

                        +"\r\nmStr"+xp.mStr 

                        +"\r\nsize()="+xp.mMap.size()); 

    

   5. 通过单例模式实现参数传递

           单例模式的特点就是可以保证系统中一个类有且只有一个实例。这样很容易就能实现，

    

    在A中设置参数，在B中直接访问了。这是几种方法中效率最高的。

   5.1  定义一个单实例的类

   [java]

   //单例模式 

   public class XclSingleton 

   { 

       //单例模式实例 

       private static XclSingleton instance = null; 

         

       //synchronized 用于线程安全，防止多线程同时创建实例 

       public synchronized static XclSingleton getInstance(){ 

           if(instance == null){ 

                instance = newXclSingleton(); 

           }    

           return instance; 

       }    

         

       final HashMap<String, Object> mMap; 

       public XclSingleton() 

       { 

           mMap = new HashMap<String,Object>(); 

       } 

         

       public void put(String key,Object value){ 

           mMap.put(key,value); 

       } 

         

       public Object get(String key) 

       { 

           return mMap.get(key); 

       } 

         

   } 

    5.2 设置参数

   [java]

   //通过单例模式传参数的例子 

   XclSingleton.getInstance().put("key1","value1"); 

   XclSingleton.getInstance().put("key2","value2"); 

   Intent intentSingleton = new Intent();               

   intentSingleton.setClass(MainActivity.this,  

                            SingletonActivity.class);                    

   startActivity(intentSingleton);  

   5.3 接收参数

   [java]

   <span style="white-space:pre">      </span>this.setTitle("单例模式例子"); 

             

           //接收参数 

           HashMap<String,Object> map = XclSingleton.getInstance().mMap;                          

           String sResult = "map.size() ="+map.size();      

           //遍历参数 

           Iterator iter = map.entrySet().iterator(); 

           while(iter.hasNext()) 

           { 

                Map.Entry entry =(Map.Entry)iter.next(); 

                Object key =entry.getKey(); 

                Object value =entry.getValue(); 

                sResult +="\r\nkey----> "+(String)key; 

                sResult +="\r\nvalue----> "+(String)value;               

           }