Hive分析窗口函数

hive分析窗口函数

一数据准备

 

cookie1,2015-04-10,1
cookie1,2015-04-11,5
cookie1,2015-04-12,7
cookie1,2015-04-13,3
cookie1,2015-04-14,2
cookie1,2015-04-15,4
cookie1,2015-04-16,4

创建数据库及表

create database if not exists cookie;
use cookie;
drop table if exists cookie1;
create table cookie1(cookieid string, createtime string, pv int) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
load data local inpath "/home/hadoop/cookie1.txt" into table cookie1;
select * from cookie1;

SUM

查询语句

select 
   cookieid, 
   createtime, 
   pv, 
   sum(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between unbounded preceding and current row) as pv1, 
//pv1: 分组内从起点到当前行的pv累积,如,11号的pv1=10号的pv+11号的pv, 12号=10号+11号+12号
   sum(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as pv2,
// pv2: 同pv1
   sum(pv) over (partition by cookieid) as pv3,
// pv3: 分组内(cookie1)所有的pv累加
   sum(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and current row) as pv4, 
//pv4: 分组内当前行+往前3行,如,11号=10号+11号, 12号=10号+11号+12号, 13号=10号+11号+12号+13号, 14号=11号+12号+13号+14号
   sum(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and 1 following) as pv5, 
//pv5: 分组内当前行+往前3行+往后1行,如,14号=11号+12号+13号+14号+15号=5+7+3+2+4=21
   sum(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between current row and unbounded following) as pv6 
//pv6: 分组内当前行+往后所有行,如,13号=13号+14号+15号+16号=3+2+4+4=13,14号=14号+15号+16号=2+4+4=10
from cookie1;

查询结果

说明

pv1: 分组内从起点到当前行的pv累积,如,11号的pv1=10号的pv+11号的pv, 12号=10号+11号+12号
pv2: 同pv1
pv3: 分组内(cookie1)所有的pv累加
pv4: 分组内当前行+往前3行,如,11号=10号+11号, 12号=10号+11号+12号, 13号=10号+11号+12号+13号, 14号=11号+12号+13号+14号
pv5: 分组内当前行+往前3行+往后1行,如,14号=11号+12号+13号+14号+15号=5+7+3+2+4=21
pv6: 分组内当前行+往后所有行,如,13号=13号+14号+15号+16号=3+2+4+4=13,14号=14号+15号+16号=2+4+4=10

如果不指定ROWS BETWEEN,默认为从起点到当前行;
如果不指定ORDER BY,则将分组内所有值累加;
关键是理解ROWS BETWEEN含义,也叫做WINDOW子句:
PRECEDING:往前
FOLLOWING:往后
CURRENT ROW:当前行
UNBOUNDED:起点,

  UNBOUNDED PRECEDING 表示从前面的起点,

  UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING:表示到后面的终点
–其他AVG,MIN,MAX,和SUM用法一样。

AVG

查询语句

select 
   cookieid, 
   createtime, 
   pv, 
   avg(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between unbounded preceding and current row) as pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
   avg(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as pv2, --从起点到当前行,结果同pv1
   avg(pv) over (partition by cookieid) as pv3, --分组内所有行
   avg(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and current row) as pv4, --当前行+往前3行
   avg(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and 1 following) as pv5, --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
   avg(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between current row and unbounded following) as pv6  --当前行+往后所有行
from cookie1;

查询结果

MIN

查询语句

select 
   cookieid, 
   createtime, 
   pv, 
   min(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between unbounded preceding and current row) as pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
   min(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as pv2, --从起点到当前行,结果同pv1
   min(pv) over (partition by cookieid) as pv3, --分组内所有行
   min(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and current row) as pv4, --当前行+往前3行
   min(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and 1 following) as pv5, --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
   min(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between current row and unbounded following) as pv6  --当前行+往后所有行
from cookie1;

查询结果 

MAX

查询语句

select 
   cookieid, 
   createtime, 
   pv, 
   max(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between unbounded preceding and current row) as pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
   max(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as pv2, --从起点到当前行,结果同pv1
   max(pv) over (partition by cookieid) as pv3, --分组内所有行
   max(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and current row) as pv4, --当前行+往前3行
   max(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between 3 preceding and 1 following) as pv5, --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
   max(pv) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime rows between current row and unbounded following) as pv6  --当前行+往后所有行
from cookie1;

查询结果

二 .数据准备

接下来介绍前几个序列函数,NTILE,ROW_NUMBER,RANK,DENSE_RANK,下面会一一解释各自的用途。

注意: 序列函数不支持WINDOW子句。(ROWS BETWEEN

cookie1,2015-04-10,1
cookie1,2015-04-11,5
cookie1,2015-04-12,7
cookie1,2015-04-13,3
cookie1,2015-04-14,2
cookie1,2015-04-15,4
cookie1,2015-04-16,4
cookie2,2015-04-10,2
cookie2,2015-04-11,3
cookie2,2015-04-12,5
cookie2,2015-04-13,6
cookie2,2015-04-14,3
cookie2,2015-04-15,9
cookie2,2015-04-16,7

创建表

use cookie;
drop table if exists cookie2;
create table cookie2(cookieid string, createtime string, pv int) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
load data local inpath "/home/hadoop/cookie2.txt" into table cookie2;
select * from cookie2;

NTILE

说明

NTILE(n),用于将分组数据按照顺序切分成n片,返回当前切片值
NTILE不支持ROWS BETWEEN,比如 NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
如果切片不均匀,默认增加第一个切片的分布

查询语句

select
  cookieid,
  createtime,
  pv,
  ntile(2) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn1, --分组内将数据分成2片
  ntile(3) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn2, --分组内将数据分成2片
  ntile(4) over (order by createtime) as rn3 --将所有数据分成4片
from cookie.cookie2 
order by cookieid,createtime;

查询结果

比如,统计一个cookie,pv数最多的前1/3的天

查询语句

select
  cookieid,
  createtime,
  pv,
  ntile(3) over (partition by cookieid order by pv desc ) as rn 
from cookie.cookie2;

查询结果

--rn = 1 的记录,就是我们想要的结果

ROW_NUMBER

说明

ROW_NUMBER() –从1开始,按照顺序,生成分组内记录的序列
–比如,按照pv降序排列,生成分组内每天的pv名次
ROW_NUMBER() 的应用场景非常多,再比如,获取分组内排序第一的记录;获取一个session中的第一条refer等。

分组排序

select
  cookieid,
  createtime,
  pv,
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by pv desc) as rn
from cookie.cookie2;

查询结果

-- 所以如果需要取每一组的前3名,只需要rn<=3即可,适合TopN

RANK 和 DENSE_RANK

—RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名,排名相等会在名次中留下空位
—DENSE_RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名,排名相等会在名次中不会留下空位

查询语句

select
  cookieid,
  createtime,
  pv,
  rank() over (partition by cookieid order by pv desc) as rn1,
  dense_rank() over (partition by cookieid order by pv desc) as rn2,
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by pv desc) as rn3
from cookie.cookie2 
where cookieid='cookie1';

查询结果

 

ROW_NUMBER、RANK和DENSE_RANK的区别

row_number: 按顺序编号,不留空位
rank: 按顺序编号,相同的值编相同号,留空位
dense_rank: 按顺序编号,相同的值编相同的号,不留空位

三 .数据准备

cookie3.txt

d1,user1,1000
d1,user2,2000
d1,user3,3000
d2,user4,4000
d2,user5,5000

创建表

use cookie;
drop table if exists cookie3;
create table cookie3(dept string, userid string, sal int) 
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
load data local inpath "/home/hadoop/cookie3.txt" into table cookie3;
select * from cookie3;

CUME_DIST

说明

CUME_DIST :小于等于当前值的行数/分组内总行数

查询语句

比如,统计小于等于当前薪水的人数,所占总人数的比例

select 
  dept,
  userid,
  sal,
  cume_dist() over (order by sal) as rn1,
  cume_dist() over (partition by dept order by sal) as rn2
from cookie.cookie3;

查询结果 

 

结果说明

rn1: 没有partition,所有数据均为1组,总行数为5,
     第一行:小于等于1000的行数为1,因此,1/5=0.2
     第三行:小于等于3000的行数为3,因此,3/5=0.6
rn2: 按照部门分组,dpet=d1的行数为3,
     第二行:小于等于2000的行数为2,因此,2/3=0.6666666666666666

PERCENT_RANK

说明

 –PERCENT_RANK :分组内当前行的RANK值-1/分组内总行数-1

查询语句

select 
  dept,
  userid,
  sal,
  percent_rank() over (order by sal) as rn1, --分组内
  rank() over (order by sal) as rn11, --分组内的rank值
  sum(1) over (partition by null) as rn12, --分组内总行数
  percent_rank() over (partition by dept order by sal) as rn2,
  rank() over (partition by dept order by sal) as rn21,
  sum(1) over (partition by dept) as rn22 
from cookie.cookie3;

查询结果

结果说明

–PERCENT_RANK :分组内当前行的RANK值-1/分组内总行数-1

rn1 ==  (rn11-1) / (rn12-1)

rn2 ==  (rn21-1) / (rn22-1)

rn1: rn1 = (rn11-1) / (rn12-1) 
       第一行,(1-1)/(5-1)=0/4=0
       第二行,(2-1)/(5-1)=1/4=0.25
       第四行,(4-1)/(5-1)=3/4=0.75
rn2: 按照dept分组,
     dept=d1的总行数为3
     第一行,(1-1)/(3-1)=0
     第三行,(3-1)/(3-1)=1

四数据准备

cookie4.txt

cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url2
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url1
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url3
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url6
cookie1,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url7
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url4
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url5
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url22
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url11
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url33
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url66
cookie2,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url77
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url44
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url55

 

创建表

use cookie;
drop table if exists cookie4;
create table cookie4(cookieid string, createtime string, url string) 
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
load data local inpath "/home/hadoop/cookie4.txt" into table cookie4;
select * from cookie4;

LAG

说明

LAG(col,n,DEFAULT) 用于统计窗口内往上第n行值

第一个参数为列名,
第二个参数为往上第n行(可选,默认为1),
第三个参数为默认值(当往上第n行为NULL时候,取默认值,如不指定,则为NULL)

查询语句

select 
  cookieid, 
  createtime, 
  url, 
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn, 
  LAG(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as last_1_time, 
  LAG(createtime,2) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as last_2_time 
from cookie.cookie4;

复制代码

查询结果

结果说明

last_1_time: 指定了往上第1行的值,default为'1970-01-01 00:00:00'  
        cookie1第一行,往上1行为NULL,因此取默认值 1970-01-01 00:00:00
        cookie1第三行,往上1行值为第二行值,2015-04-10 10:00:02
        cookie1第六行,往上1行值为第五行值,2015-04-10 10:50:01
last_2_time: 指定了往上第2行的值,为指定默认值
        cookie1第一行,往上2行为NULL
        cookie1第二行,往上2行为NULL
        cookie1第四行,往上2行为第二行值,2015-04-10 10:00:02
        cookie1第七行,往上2行为第五行值,2015-04-10 10:50:01

LEAD

说明

与LAG相反

LEAD(col,n,DEFAULT) 用于统计窗口内往下第n行值

第一个参数为列名,
第二个参数为往下第n行(可选,默认为1),
第三个参数为默认值(当往下第n行为NULL时候,取默认值,如不指定,则为NULL)

查询语句

select 
  cookieid, 
  createtime, 
  url, 
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn, 
  LEAD(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as next_1_time, 
  LEAD(createtime,2) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as next_2_time 
from cookie.cookie4;

查询结果

结果说明

--逻辑与LAG一样,只不过LAG是往上,LEAD是往下。

FIRST_VALUE

说明

取分组内排序后,截止到当前行,第一个值

查询语句

select 
  cookieid, 
  createtime, 
  url, 
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn, 
  first_value(url) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as first1 
from cookie.cookie4;

查询结果

LAST_VALUE

说明

取分组内排序后,截止到当前行,最后一个值

查询语句

select 
  cookieid, 
  createtime, 
  url, 
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn, 
  last_value(url) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as last1 
from cookie.cookie4;

查询结果

如果不指定ORDER BY,则默认按照记录在文件中的偏移量进行排序,会出现错误的结果

如果想要取分组内排序后最后一个值,则需要变通一下

查询语句

select 
  cookieid, 
  createtime, 
  url, 
  row_number() over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as rn,
  LAST_VALUE(url) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime) as last1,
  FIRST_VALUE(url) over (partition by cookieid order by createtime desc) as last2 
from cookie.cookie4 
order by cookieid,createtime;

查询结果

 

提示:在使用分析函数的过程中,要特别注意ORDER BY子句,用的不恰当,统计出的结果就不是你所期望的。

五数据准备

GROUPING SETS,GROUPING__ID,CUBE,ROLLUP

这几个分析函数通常用于OLAP中,不能累加,而且需要根据不同维度上钻和下钻的指标统计,比如,分小时、天、月的UV数。

2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie1
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie5
2015-03,2015-03-12,cookie7
2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie2
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie4
2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie4
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie2
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie5
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie6
2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie2
2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie1

创建表

use cookie;
drop table if exists cookie5;
create table cookie5(month string, day string, cookieid string) 
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
load data local inpath "/home/hadoop/cookie5.txt" into table cookie5;
select * from cookie5;

GROUPING SETS和GROUPING__ID

说明

在一个GROUP BY查询中,根据不同的维度组合进行聚合,等价于将不同维度的GROUP BY结果集进行UNION ALL

GROUPING__ID,表示结果属于哪一个分组集合。

查询语句

select 
  month,
  day,
  count(distinct cookieid) as uv,
  GROUPING__ID
from cookie.cookie5 
group by month,day 
grouping sets (month,day) 
order by GROUPING__ID;

等价于

SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY day

查询结果

 

结果说明

第一列是按照month进行分组

第二列是按照day进行分组

第三列是按照month或day分组是,统计这一组有几个不同的cookieid

第四列grouping_id表示这一组结果属于哪个分组集合,根据grouping sets中的分组条件month,day,1是代表month,2是代表day

再比如

SELECT  month, day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM cookie5 
GROUP BY month,day 
GROUPING SETS (month,day,(month,day)) 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

等价于

SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY day
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY month,day

CUBE

说明

根据GROUP BY的维度的所有组合进行聚合

查询语句

SELECT  month, day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM cookie5 
GROUP BY month,day 
WITH CUBE 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

等价于

SELECT NULL,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,0 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY day
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM cookie5 GROUP BY month,day

查询结果

ROLLUP

说明

是CUBE的子集,以最左侧的维度为主,从该维度进行层级聚合

查询语句

-- 比如,以month维度进行层级聚合

SELECT  month, day, COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv, GROUPING__ID  
FROM cookie5 
GROUP BY month,day WITH ROLLUP  ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

可以实现这样的上钻过程:
月天的UV->月的UV->总UV

--把month和day调换顺序,则以day维度进行层级聚合:

可以实现这样的上钻过程:
天月的UV->天的UV->总UV
(这里,根据天和月进行聚合,和根据天聚合结果一样,因为有父子关系,如果是其他维度组合的话,就会不一样)

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