一、简介
Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端负载均衡的工具。
简单的说,Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目,主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法,将Netflix的中间层服务连接在一起。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时,重试等。简单的说,就是在配置文件中列出Load Balancer(简称LB)后面所有的机器,Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则(如简单轮询,随机连接等)去连接这些机器。我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
二、Ribbon配置
1. 修改 microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 工程
2. 修改pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
<description>部门微服务消费者</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Ribbon相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3. 修改application.yml 追加eureka的服务注册地址
server:
port: 80
#下面是新加的配置
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
4. 对ConfigBean进行新注解@LoadBalanced 获得Rest时加入Ribbon的配置
package com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean
{
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //新加的注解
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
5. 主启动类DeptConsumer80_App添加@EnableEurekaClient
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //新加的注解
public class DeptConsumer80_App
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
}
}
6. 修改DeptController_Consumer客户端访问类
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer
{
/*private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
把该部分注释掉,使用微服务的名称!注意不是微服务的实例的名称!
Ribbon和Eureka整合后Consumer可以直接调用服务而不用再关心地址和端口号
*/
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept)
{
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id, Dept.class);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list()
{
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);
}
//测试@EnableDiscoveryClient,消费端可以调用服务发现
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/discovery")
public Object discovery()
{
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/discovery", Object.class);
}
}
7. 启动服务
启动服务器集群:3个eureka
启动provider: microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
启动consumer:microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80
8. 测试
http://localhost/consumer/dept/get/1
http://localhost/consumer/dept/list
http://localhost/consumer/dept/add?dname=大数据部
三、Ribbon负载均衡
1.架构说明
Ribbon在工作时分成两步:
第一步先选择 EurekaServer ,它优先选择在同一个区域内负载较少的server.
第二步再根据用户指定的策略,在从server取到的服务注册列表中选择一个地址。
其中Ribbon提供了多种策略:比如轮询、随机和根据响应时间加权。
2. 具体步骤
(1)参考 microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001,新建两份,分别命名为8002,8003
(2)新建8002/8003数据库,各自微服务分别连各自的数据库
#8002
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB02;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB02 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB02;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
dname VARCHAR(60),
db_source VARCHAR(60)
);
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
#8003
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB03;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB03 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB03;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
dname VARCHAR(60),
db_source VARCHAR(60)
);
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
(3)修改8002/8003各自YML
8002yml文件
server:
port: 8002
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml #mybatis所在路径
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entity别名类
mapper-locations:
- classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml #mapper映射文件
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB02
username: root
password: 123456
dbcp2:
min-idle: 5
initial-size: 5
max-total: 5
max-wait-millis: 200
eureka:
client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8002 #自定义服务名称信息
prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址
info:
app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud
company.name: www.atguigu.com
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$
8003yml文件
server:
port: 8003
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml #mybatis所在路径
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entity别名类
mapper-locations:
- classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml #mapper映射文件
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB03
username: root
password: 123456
dbcp2:
min-idle: 5
initial-size: 5
max-total: 5
max-wait-millis: 200
eureka:
client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8003 #自定义服务名称信息
prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址
info:
app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud
company.name: www.atguigu.com
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$
【提示】修改的部分:端口、数据库名!同时注意对外暴露的统一的微服务名microservicecloud-dept!可以把 8001,8002,8003理解为一个微服务的3个实例。
(4)启动3个eureka集群配置区
(5)启动3个Dept微服务并各自测试通过
http://localhost:8001/dept/list
http://localhost:8002/dept/list
http://localhost:8003/dept/list
(6)启动microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80
(7)客户端通过Ribbo完成负载均衡并访问上一步的Dept微服务
http://localhost/consumer/dept/list
注意观察看到返回的数据库名字,各不相同,负载均衡实现
(8)Ribbon其实就是一个软负载均衡的客户端组件,他可以和其他所需请求的客户端结合使用,和eureka结合只是其中的一个实例。
四、Ribbon核心组件IRule
IRule:根据特定算法中从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务
(1)RoundRobinRule 轮询
(2)RandomRule 随机
(3)AvailabilityFilteringRule
会先过滤掉由于多次访问故障而处于断路器跳闸状态的服务,还有并发的连接数量超过阈值的服务,然后对剩余的服务列 表按照轮询策略进行访问。
(4)WeightedResponseTimeRule
根据平均响应时间计算所有服务的权重,响应时间越快服务权重越大被选中的概率越高。刚启动时如果统计信息不足,则 使用RoundRobinRule策略,等统计信息足够,会切换到WeightedResponseTimeRule
(5)RetryRule
先按照RoundRobinRule的策略获取服务,如果获取服务失败则在指定时间内会进行重试,获取可用的服务
(6)BestAvailableRule
会先过滤掉由于多次访问故障而处于断路器跳闸状态的服务,然后选择一个并发量最小的服务
(7) ZoneAvoidanceRule
默认规则,复合判断server所在区域的性能和server的可用性选择服务器
microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80的com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans包下ConfigBean的编写
package com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean
{
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate();
}
@Bean
public IRule myRule()
{
return new RandomRule();//Ribbon默认是轮询,我自定义为随机
}
}