狂神说多线程学习笔记

一、线程简介

1、多任务

现实中太多这样同时做多件事情的例子了，看起来是多个任务都在做，其实本质上我们的大脑在同一时间依旧只做了一件事情。

2、多线程

原来是一条路，慢慢因为车太多了，道路阻塞，效率极低。为了提高使用的效率，能够充分利用道路，于是加了多个车道。从此，妈妈再也不用担心道路阻塞了。

3、程序、进程、线程

4、Process与Thread

• 说起进程，就不得不说下程序。程序是指令和数据的有序集合，其本身没有任何运行的含义，是一个静态的概念。
• 而进程则是执行程序的过程，它是一个动态的概念。是系统资源分配的单位。
• 通常一个进程中可以包含若干个线程，当然一个进程中至少有一个线程，不然就没有存在的意义。线程是CPU调度和执行的单位。

注意：
很多多线程是模拟出来的，真正的多线程是指有多个CPU，即多核，如服务器。如果是模拟出来的多线程，即在一个CPU的情况下，在同一个时间点，CPU只能执行一段代码，因为切换的很快，所有就有同时进行的错觉。

5、核心概念

• 线程就是独立的执行路径
• 在程序运行时，即使自己没有创建线程，后台也会有多个线程，比如主线程、GC线程
• main()称之为主线程，为系统的入口，用于执行整个程序
• 在一个进程中，如果开辟了多个线程，线程的运行是由调度器（CPU）安排调度的，调度器是与操作系统紧密相关的，先后顺序是不能人为干预的
• 在同一份资源被操作时会存在资源抢夺的问题，需要加入并发控制
• 每个线程在自己的工作内存交互，内存控制不当会造成数据不一致

二、线程实现

1、线程创建

1.1、继承Thread类

自定义线程类继承Thread类，重写run() 方法，编写线程执行体；创建线程对象，调用start() 方法开启多线程。

代码实现

public class CreateThread1 extends Thread {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20 ; i++) {
            System.out.println("自定义线程" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CreateThread1 createThread1 = new CreateThread1();
        createThread1.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20 ; i++) {
            System.out.println("主线程" + i);
        }
    }
}

总结：
线程不一定立即执行，而是听从CPU的安排调度

案例：（下载图片）

/**
 * 练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
 */
public class Demo2_DownloaderImgCase extends Thread {
    private String url;//网络图片地址
    private String name;//报错扥文件名

    //有参构造
    public Demo2_DownloaderImgCase(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为:" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo2_DownloaderImgCase t = new Demo2_DownloaderImgCase("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20201124032511.png", "1.png");
        Demo2_DownloaderImgCase t1 = new Demo2_DownloaderImgCase("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20201124032511.png", "2.png");
        Demo2_DownloaderImgCase t2 = new Demo2_DownloaderImgCase("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20201124032511.png", "3.png");
        t.start();
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url, String name) {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}

1.2、实现Runnable接口

推荐使用Runnable对象，因为Java单继承会有局限性
自定义线程类实现Runnable 接口，实现 run() 方法，编写线程执行体，创建线程对象，调用 start() 开启多线程

代码实现

public class CreateThread2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
            System.out.println("自定义线程" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CreateThread2 createThread2 = new CreateThread2();
        new Thread(createThread2).start();

        for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
            System.out.println("主线程" + i);
        }
    }
}

案例：（火车票）

public class TrainTicketsCase implements Runnable{

    private  int ticketNum = 20;

    @Override
    public void run() {
         while(true){
             if(ticketNum <= 0){
                 break;
             }
             try{
                 Thread.sleep(200);
             }catch (Exception e){
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了第：" + ticketNum-- + "张票");

         }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TrainTicketsCase trainTicketsCase = new TrainTicketsCase();
        new Thread(trainTicketsCase,"小红").start();
        new Thread(trainTicketsCase,"小黑").start();
        new Thread(trainTicketsCase,"小黄").start();
        new Thread(trainTicketsCase,"小蓝").start();
    }
}

我们发现，三个人同时拿到了同一张票，那我们在这里就初识了多线程产生了问题，这里三个线程同时争夺同一个资源，导致线程不安全，从而造成数据紊乱。

案例：（龟兔赛跑）

public class RaceCase implements Runnable {

    private static String winner = null;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i % 10 == 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            if (flag) {
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "跑了" + i + "步");
        }
    }
    public boolean gameOver(int steps) {
        if (winner != null) {
            return true;
        } else {
            if (steps >= 100) {
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("获胜者是：" + winner);
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RaceCase raceCase = new RaceCase();
        new Thread(raceCase, "兔子").start();
        new Thread(raceCase, "乌龟").start();
    }
}

1.3、实现Callable接口（了解）

实现Callable接口，需要返回值 类型；重写call() 方法，需要抛出异常
1、创建目标对象
2、创建执行服务：ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
3、提交执行结果：Future result1 = ser.submit(11);
4、获取结果：boolean r1 = result1.get();
5、关闭服务：ser.shutdownNow();

/**
 * 实现Callable接口
 */
public class Demo6_CreateCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {

    private String url;//网络图片地址
    private String name;//报错扥文件名

    //有参构造
    public Demo6_CreateCallable(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    public Boolean call() throws Exception {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为:" + name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        Demo6_CreateCallable c = new Demo6_CreateCallable("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20201124032511.png", "1.png");
        Demo6_CreateCallable c1 = new Demo6_CreateCallable("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20201124032511.png", "2.png");
        Demo6_CreateCallable c2 = new Demo6_CreateCallable("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20201124032511.png", "3.png");
        //创建执行服务
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r = ser.submit(c);
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(c1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(c2);
        //获取结果
        boolean res = r.get();
        boolean res1 = r1.get();
        boolean res2 = r2.get();
        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdownNow();
    }
}
//class WebDownloader在前面下载图片已经定义了，这里就不用再次写，直接使用就好

好处
可以定义返回值
可以抛出异常

1.4、Thread和Runnable的对比

继承Thread类：

• 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
• 启动线程：子类对象.start()
• 不建议使用：避免OOP单继承的局限性

实现Runnable接口

• 实现Runnable接口具备多线程能力
• 启动线程：传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()
• 推荐使用：避免单继承局限性，灵活方便，方便同一个对象被多个线程使用

2、静态代理

案例：（结婚）

public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }

}

interface Marry {
    void HappyMarry();
}

class You implements Marry{

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("哥哥要结婚了，我好开心！");
    }
}

class WeddingCompany implements Marry{

    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target){
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();
        after();
    }

    public void before(){
        System.out.println("布置婚礼现场！");
    }

    public void after(){
        System.out.println("打扫，收钱！");
    }
}

优化：使用线程，Lamda表达式

public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(()-> System.out.println("我爱你")).start();
        new WeddingCompany(new You()).happyMarry();
    }

总结：
真实对象和代理对象都要实现一个接口
代理对象要代理真实角色
好处：
代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
真实对象专注做自己的事

3、Lambda表达式

介绍

• λ 希腊字母表中排序第十一位的字母，英语名称为 Lamda
• 避免匿名内部类定义过多
• 其实质属于函数式编程的概念
• 去掉了一堆没有意义的代码，只留下核心逻辑

(params)-> expression[表达式]
(params) -> statement[语句]
[(params)-> {statements}

a->System.out.println("i like lambda-->" + a)

new Thread (()->System.out.println(“多线程学习。。。。”)).start();

理解Functional Interface (函数式接口) 是学习Java8 lamda表达式的关键

函数式接口的定义:

​ 任何接口,如果只包含唯一一个抽象方法,那么它就是一个函数式接口。

public interface Runnable{
    public abstract void run();
}

对于函数式接口，我们可以通过Lambda表达式来创建该接口的对象。

实现：

案例1：

/**
 * 推导lamda表达式
 */
public class Demo9_Lamda {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lamda();
    }
}

// 1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike {
    void lamda();
}

// 2.实现类
class Like implements ILike {
    @Override
    public void lamda() {
        System.out.println("I like lamda");
    }
}

优化1：

public class Demo10_Lamda1 {
    //3. 静态内部类
    static class Like1 implements ILike {
        @Override
        public void lamda() {
            System.out.println("I like lamda1");
        }
    }
    //3.静态内部类
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like1();
        like.lamda();
    }
}

优化2：

public class Demo11_Lamda2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //4.局部内部类
        class Like12 implements ILike {
            @Override
            public void lamda() {
                System.out.println("I like lamda2");
            }
        }
        ILike like = new Like12();
        like.lamda();
    }
}

优化3：

public class Demo12_Lamda3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
        ILike like = new ILike () {
            @Override
            public void lamda() {
                System.out.println("I like lamda3");
            }
        };
        like.lamda();
    }
}

最终版：

public class Demo13_Lamda4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //6.lamda简化
        ILike like = () ->{
            System.out.println("I like lamda4");
        };
        like.lamda();
    }
}

案例2：

public class Demo14_LamdaCase2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1.lamda
        ILove love = (int a) -> {
            System.out.println("I love you -->" + a);
        };
        // 2.lamda简化1.0
        love = (a) -> {
            System.out.println("I love you -->" + a);
        };
        // 3.lamda简化2.0
        love = a -> {
            System.out.println("I love you -->" + a);
        };
        // 3.lamda简化3.0
        love = a -> System.out.println("I love you -->" + a);

        /**总结:
         * {}简略的条件是只能有一行代码,多行{}就不能简略了
         * 前提是接口为函数式接口(只能有一个方法)
         * 多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上()
         */

        love.love(520);
    }
}
interface ILove {
    void love(int a);
}

三、线程状态

1、线程五大状态

2、线程方法

2.1、停止线程

案例：

public class StopThread implements Runnable {

    private volatile boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag) {
            System.out.println("run...Thread" + i++);
        }
    }

    public void stop() {
       this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StopThread stopThread = new StopThread();
        new Thread(stopThread).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++) {
            System.out.println("main..." + i);
            if(i == 9){
                stopThread.stop();
                System.out.println("该线程停止！");
            }
        }
    }
}

2.2、线程休眠

案例：

/**
 * 模拟网络延迟:放大问题的发生性
 */
public class Demo16_SleepThread implements Runnable {

    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (ticketNums <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            //捕获异常
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "张票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo4_TrainTicketsCase ticket = new Demo4_TrainTicketsCase();
        new Thread(ticket, "小红").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "黄牛1").start();
    }
}

/**
 * 模拟倒计时
 */
public class Demo17_SleepThread2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            tenDown();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //模拟倒计时
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num = 10;//10秒
        while (true) {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if (num <= 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        while(true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(date));
            date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }

2.3、线程礼让

案例：

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        YieldThread yieldThread = new YieldThread();
        new Thread(yieldThread,"a").start();
        new Thread(yieldThread,"b").start();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程停止");
    }

2.4、线程插队

案例：

public class JoinThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        JoinThread joinThread = new JoinThread();
        Thread thread = new Thread(joinThread);
        thread.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            if(i == 200){
               thread.join();
            }
            System.out.println("线程main"  + i);
        }
    }
}

3、线程状态观测

/**
 * 观察测试线程状态
 */
public class Demo21_ThreadState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("//");
        });
        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);
        //观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//Run
        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED) {//只要现成不终止,就一直输出状态
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);
        }
        //死亡后的线程不能再启动了,启动会报异常
        //thread.start();
    }
}

4、线程优先级

/**
 * 线程优先级
 */
public class Demo22_ThreadPriority{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread5 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级,再启动
        thread1.start();

        thread2.setPriority(1);
        thread2.start();

        thread3.setPriority(4);
        thread3.start();

        thread4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//MAX_PRIORITY=10
        thread4.start();

        thread5.setPriority(8);
        thread5.start();
    }
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

5、守护（daemon）线程

/**
 * 测试守护线程
 * 上帝守护你
 */
public class Demo23_DaemonThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        //默认false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程...
        thread.setDaemon(true);
        //上帝守护线程启动
        thread.start();
        //你 用户线程启动
        new Thread(you).start();
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}

//你
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("====goodbye!world====");
    }
}

四、线程同步

1、介绍

多个线程操作同一个资源

2、不安全的线程案例

//不安全买票
public class Demo24_UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "张三").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "李四").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "王五").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
    //票
    private int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag) {
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    //买票
    private void buy() {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNums <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //延迟
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNums--);
    }
}

/**
 * 不安全的取钱
 */
public class Demo25_UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100, "结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "展堂");
        Drawing girlfriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "sad");
        you.start();
        girlfriend.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account {
    int money;//余额
    String cardName;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String cardName) {
        this.money = money;
        this.cardName = cardName;
    }
}

//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread {
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取金额
    int nowMoney;//你手里的钱

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断是否有钱
        if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "余额不足,不能进行取钱");
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);//放大问题的发生性
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //卡内金额 = 余额-你的钱
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        //你手里的钱
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.cardName + "余额为:" + account.money);
        //this.getName()==Thread.currentThread().getName()
        System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱:" + nowMoney);
    }
}

//线程不安全的集合
public class Demo26_UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

3、同步方法

同步方法，锁的是this
实现：

//安全买票
public class Demo27_SafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket1 buyTicket = new BuyTicket1();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "张三").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "李四").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "王五").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket1 implements Runnable {
    //票
    private int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag) {
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    //synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this
    private synchronized void buy() {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNums <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //延迟
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNums--);
    }
}

4、同步块

==锁的对象就是变量的量，需要增删改查的对象 ==
实现：

/**
 * 安全的取钱 同步块
 */
public class Demo28_SafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account1 account = new Account1(100, "结婚基金");
        Drawing1 you = new Drawing1(account, 50, "展堂");
        Drawing1 girlfriend = new Drawing1(account, 100, "sad");
        you.start();
        girlfriend.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account1 {
    int money;//余额
    String cardName;//卡名

    public Account1(int money, String cardName) {
        this.money = money;
        this.cardName = cardName;
    }
}

//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing1 extends Thread {
    Account1 account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取金额
    int nowMoney;//你手里的钱

    public Drawing1(Account1 account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //锁的对象就是变量的量,需要增删改查的对象
        synchronized (account) {
            //判断是否有钱
            if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "余额不足,不能进行取钱");
                return;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);//放大问题的发生性
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //卡内金额 = 余额-你的钱
            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
            //你手里的钱
            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(account.cardName + "余额为:" + account.money);
            //this.getName()==Thread.currentThread().getName()
            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱:" + nowMoney);
        }
    }

//线程安全的集合 同步块
public class Demo29_SafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                synchronized (list) {
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

JUC 安全集合类型扩充

//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class Demo30_ThreadJuc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

5、死锁

案例：

/**
 * 死锁:多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
 * 解决:一个锁只锁一个对象
 */
class Demo31_DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup makeup = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup makeup1 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
        makeup.start();
        makeup1.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick { }
//镜子
class Mirror { }

class Makeup extends Thread {
    //需要的资源只有一份,用static保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得口红镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {//二秒钟后想获得的锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

解决：

/**
 * 死锁:多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
 * 解决:一个锁只锁一个对象
 */
class Demo31_DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup makeup = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup makeup1 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
        makeup.start();
        makeup1.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick { }
//镜子
class Mirror { }

class Makeup extends Thread {
    //需要的资源只有一份,用static保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得口红镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick) {//二秒钟后想获得的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

死锁避免方法

6、Lock（锁）

//测试Lock锁
public class Demo32_ThreadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock testLock = new TestLock();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
    }
}

class TestLock implements Runnable {
    int tickerNums = 10;
    //定义Lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            //加锁
            try {
                lock.lock();
                if (tickerNums <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(tickerNums--);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

7、synchroized 与 Lock 的对比

五、线程通信问题

生产者消费者模式的问题

1、线程通信方法

2、线程通信问题解决方式

/**
 * 测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
 */
public class Demo33_ThreadPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
        new Producer(synContainer).start();
        new Consumer(synContainer).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Producer extends Thread {
    //容缓冲区
    SynContainer container;

    public Producer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Product(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "件产品");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread {
    //容缓冲区
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->" + container.pop().id + "件产品");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Product {
    int id;//产品编号

    public Product(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
    //需要一个容器大小
    Product[] products = new Product[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Product product) {
        //如果容器满了,需要等待消费者消费
        /*如果是if的话，假如消费者1消费了最后一个，这是index变成0此时释放锁被消费者2拿到而不是生产者拿到，这时消费者的wait是在if里所以它就直接去消费index-1下标越界，如果是while就会再去判断一下index得值是不是变成0了*/
        while (count == products.length) {
            //通知消费者消费,等待生产
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满,需要丢入产品
        products[count] = product;
        count++;
        //通知消费者消费
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Product pop() {
        //判断是否能消费
        while (count <= 0) {
            //等待生产者生产
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Product product = products[count];
        //吃完了 通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return product;
    }
}

/**
 * 测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
 */
public class Demo33_ThreadPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
        new Producer(synContainer).start();
        new Consumer(synContainer).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Producer extends Thread {
    //容缓冲区
    SynContainer container;

    public Producer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Product(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "件产品");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread {
    //容缓冲区
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->" + container.pop().id + "件产品");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Product {
    int id;//产品编号

    public Product(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
    //需要一个容器大小
    Product[] products = new Product[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Product product) {
        //如果容器满了,需要等待消费者消费
        /*如果是if的话，假如消费者1消费了最后一个，这是index变成0此时释放锁被消费者2拿到而不是生产者拿到，这时消费者的wait是在if里所以它就直接去消费index-1下标越界，如果是while就会再去判断一下index得值是不是变成0了*/
        while (count == products.length) {
            //通知消费者消费,等待生产
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满,需要丢入产品
        products[count] = product;
        count++;
        //通知消费者消费
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Product pop() {
        //判断是否能消费
        while (count <= 0) {
            //等待生产者生产
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Product product = products[count];
        //吃完了 通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return product;
    }
}

六、线程池

//测试线程池
public class Demo35_ThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. 创建服务,擦行间线程池
        // newFixedThreadPool(线程池大小)
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        //关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}