原型模式概念
该模式的思想就是将一个对象作为原型,对其进行复制、克隆,产生一个和原对象类似的新对象。java中复制通过clone()实现的。clone中涉及深、浅复制。深、浅复制的概念如下:
⑴浅复制(浅克隆)
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。换言之,浅复制仅仅复制所考虑的对象,而不复制它所引用的对象。 Object类提供的方法clone只是拷贝本对象,其对象内部的数组、引用对象等都不拷贝,还是指向原生对象的内部元素地址
⑵深复制(深克隆)
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,除去那些引用其他对象的变量。那些引用其他对象的变量将指向被复制过的新对象,而不再是原有的那些被引用的对象。换言之,深复制把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。
package com.Geeksun.prototype;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
public class Girl implements Cloneable, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1107125866318890906L;
private String name;
private Date birthday;
private Address address;
public Girl(String name, Date birthday,Address address) {
this.name = name;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.address = address;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Girl{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", birthday=" + birthday +
", address=" + address +
'}';
}
//浅复制
// @Override
// protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// return super.clone();
// }
//深复制1
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Girl girl = (Girl)super.clone();
girl.setAddress((Address) address.clone());
girl.setBirthday((Date)birthday.clone());
return girl;
}
//深复制2
public Object deepClone()throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException {
/* 写入当前对象的二进制流 */
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this);
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
return ois.readObject();
}
}
class Address implements Cloneable,Serializable{
public Address(){ }
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
package com.Geeksun.prototype;
import java.util.Date;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Address address = new Address();
address.setAddress("HuBei");
Girl girl = new Girl("Geeksun",new Date(),address);
System.out.println(girl);
Girl newGirl = (Girl) girl.deepClone();
newGirl.getBirthday().setTime(1235);
newGirl.getAddress().setAddress("BeiJing");
System.out.println(girl);
System.out.println(newGirl);
}
}
最后得到的结果是
Girl{name='Geeksun', birthday=Thu Feb 21 17:41:44 CST 2019, address=Address{address='HuBei'}}
Girl{name='Geeksun', birthday=Thu Feb 21 17:41:44 CST 2019, address=Address{address='HuBei'}}
Girl{name='Geeksun', birthday=Thu Jan 01 08:00:01 CST 1970, address=Address{address='BeiJing'}}
拷贝还有2个知识点,对象拷贝时,类的构造函数是不会被执行的。一个实现了 Cloneable 并重写了 clone 方法的类 Programmer,有一个无参构造或有参构造 ,通过 new 关键字产生了一个对象 A,再然后通过 A.clone()方式产生了一个新的对象 T,那么在对象拷贝时构造函数是不会被执行的。即拷贝的过程中只执行一次构造方法。
Clone 与 final 两对冤家。对象的 clone 与对象内的 final 属性是由冲突.在上面的Programmer类中修改为private final Address address;去掉get,set方法, proto.address=(Address) address.clone();这一句就会报错: proto.address=(Address) address.clone();final类型不能重新设置值。解决办法就是删除掉fina咯
深拷贝和浅拷贝建议不要混合使用,一个类中某些引用使用深拷贝某些引用使用浅拷贝,这是一种非常差的设计,特别是是在涉及到类的继承,父类有几个引用的情况就非常的复杂,建议深拷贝和浅拷贝分开实现。