Docker Compose one
- Docker Compose的前身是Fig他是一个定义及运行多个Docker容器的工具
- 使用Docker compose不再需要使用shell脚本来启动容器
- D1ocker Compose非常适合组合使用多个容器进行开发的场景
Consul是Hashicorp公司推出的开源工具,用于实现分布式系统的服务发现于配置
Consul的特性
- 支持健康检查,允许储存键值对
- 基于Golong语言,可移植性强
- 支持ACL访问控制
与Docker等轻量级容器可无缝配合
Docker单机网络拓补图
端口映射
- 端口映射机制将容器内的入伍提供给外部网络访问
- 可随机或指定映射端口范围
docker run -d -P httpd:centos
docker run -d -p 49888:80 httpd:centos
容器互联
- 在源容器和接受容器间建立一条网络通信隧道
- 使用docker run命令–link选项实验容器间互联通信
实现容器互联
docker run -d -P --name web1 httpd:centos
docker run -d -P --name web2--link web1:web1 httpd:centos
docker exec -it web2 /bin/bash
ping web1
Docker Compose 容器编排
YAML是一种标记语言很直观的数据序列化格式
文件格式及编写注意事项
- 不支持制表符TAB键缩进,需要使用空格缩进
- 通常开头缩进两个空格
- 字符后缩进一个空格,如冒号、逗号、横杆
- 用#号注释
- 如果包含特殊字符用单引号引起来
- 布尔值必须用引号括起来
Docker Compose配置常用字段
字段 | 描述 |
---|---|
build dockerfile context | 指定Dockerfile文件名构建镜像上下文路径 |
image | 指定镜像 |
command | 执行命令,覆盖默认命令 |
container name | 指定容器名称,由于容器名称是唯一的,如果指定自定义名称,则无法scale |
deploy | 指定部署和运行服务相关配置,只能在Swarm模式使用 |
environment | 添加环境变量 |
networks | 加入网络 |
ports | 暴露容器端口,与-p相同,但端口不能低于60 |
volumes | 挂载宿主机路径或命令卷 |
restart | 重启策略,默认no,always,no-failure,unless-stoped |
hostname | 容器主机名 |
Docker Compose常用命令
字段 | 描述 |
---|---|
build | 重新构建服务 |
ps | 列出容器 |
up | 创建和启动容器 |
exec | 在容器里面执行命令 |
scale | 指定一个服务容器启动数量 |
top | 显示容器进程 |
logs | 查看容器输出 |
down | 删除容器、网络、数据卷和镜像 |
stop/start/restart | 停止/启动/重启服务 |
Compose命令说明
基本的使用格式
docker-compose [potions] [COMMAND][ARGS]
docker-compose选项
- –verbose输出更多调试信息
- –version 打印版本并退出
- -f, --file FILE使用特定的compose模板文件,默认为docker-compose.yml
- -p, --project-name NAME指定项目名称,默认使用目录名称
利用Docker Compose容器编排
[root@server1 ~]# mkdir compose_nginx
[root@server1 ~]# cd compose_nginx
[root@server1 compose_nginx]# vim docker-conpose.yml ###创建compose编排工具
version: '3' ###版本三
services: ###服务名称
nginx:
hostname: nginx ###容器名
build: ###创建容器
context: ./nginx ###素材目录
dockerfile: Dockerfile ###素材
ports: ###提供端口
- 1216:80 ###映射端口号
- 1217:443 ###映射端口号
networks: ###建立群集
- cluster ###群集名称
volumes: ###建立数据卷
- ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html ###绑定容器站点位置
networks: ###声明群集名称
cluster:
[root@server1 compose_nginx]# mkdir nginx
[root@server1 nginx]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is nginx project
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src
WORKDIR nginx-1.12.2
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]
[root@server1 nginx]# vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
将nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz放到与Dokcerfile文件相同路径下
[root@server1 nginx]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
[root@server1 compose_nginx]# tree ./
./
├── docker-compose.yml
├── nginx
│?? ├── Dockerfile
│?? ├── nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
│?? └── run.sh
└── wwwroot
└── index.html
2 directories, 5 files
Docker consul群集
搭建consul群集
环境
IP地址 | 相关环境 |
---|---|
20.0.0.10 | Docker-ce、Compose3、Consul、Consul-template |
20.0.0.20 | Docker-ce |
[root@server ~]# mkdir consul && cd consul
[root@server consul]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@server consul]# unzip consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
Archive: consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
inflating: consul
[root@server consul]# ll
总用量 51772
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42777946 8月 10 2017 consul
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10233177 11月 30 12:07 consul_0.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
[root@server consul]# mv consul /usr/bin
开启服务并查看群集信息
[root@server consul]# consul agent -server -bootstrap -ui -data-dir=/var/lib/consul-data -bind=20.0.0.10 -client=0.0.0.0 -node=consul-server01 &> /var/log/consul.log &
[1] 10735
[root@server consul]# consul members
Node Address Status Type Build Protocol DC
consul-server01 20.0.0.10:8301 alive server 0.9.2 2 dc1
[root@localhost consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/status/peers ##查看群集server成员
[root@localhost consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/status/leaders ##群集中 Raf leader
[root@localhost consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/services ##注册的所有服务
[root@localhost consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/nodes ##群集节点详细信息
[root@localhost consul]# curl 127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/nginx ##查看 nginx 服务信息
浏览器输入ip查看群集
创建容器并查看
[root@client ~]# docker run -itd -p:83:80 --name test-01 0h test01 nginx
[root@client ~]# docker run -itd -p:84:80 --name test-02 -h test02 httpd
docker run -itd -p:85:80 --name test-03 -h test03 tomcat
删除容器并查看
[root@client ~]# docker stop 40f9d4dae6ff
40f9d4dae6ff
[root@client ~]# docker rm 40f9d4dae6ff
40f9d4dae6ff
安装consul-template
consul-template
- 是基于 Consul 的自动替换配置文件的应用;
- 可以查询 Consul 中的服务目录:Key、Key-values等;
- 特别适合动态的创建配置文件;
- 是一个守护进程,用于实时查询 consul 集群信息;
创建模板、编译安装nginx并启动
[root@server consul]# vim nginx.ctmpl
upstream http_backend {
{{range service "nginx"}}
server {{.Address}}:{{.Port}};
{{end}}
}
server {
listen 83;
server_name localhost 20.0.0.10;
access_log /var/log/nginx/go.cn-access.log;
index index.html index.php;
location / {
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Fprwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://http_backend;
}
}
[root@server consul]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib-devel -y
[root@server consul]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@server consul]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.0/
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
17-20行修改为
17 http {
18 include mime.types;
19 include vhost/*.conf;
20 default_type application/octet-stream;
创建虚拟主机目录和日志文件目录,启动nginx
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# mkdir /var/log/nginx
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
配置并启动 template
[root@server nginx-1.12.0]# cd /usr/bin
[root@server bin]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@server bin]# unzip consul-template_0.19.3_linux_amd64.zip
Archive: consul-template_0.19.3_linux_amd64.zip
inflating: consul-template
[root@server bin]# consul-template -consul-addr 20.0.0.10:8500 -template "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl:/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" --log-level=info
2020/12/01 08:15:09.873893 [INFO] consul-template v0.19.3 (ebf2d3d)
2020/12/01 08:15:09.873935 [INFO] (runner) creating new runner (dry: false, once: false)
2020/12/01 08:15:09.874305 [INFO] (runner) creating watcher
2020/12/01 08:15:09.874546 [INFO] (runner) starting
2020/12/01 08:15:09.874561 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2020/12/01 08:15:09.889877 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2020/12/01 08:15:09.890710 [INFO] (runner) rendered "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf"
2020/12/01 08:15:09.890729 [INFO] (runner) executing command "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" from "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf"
2020/12/01 08:15:09.890771 [INFO] (child) spawning: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@server ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf
upstream http_backend {
server 20.0.0.20:83;
}
server {
listen 83;
server_name localhost 20.0.0.10;
access_log /var/log/nginx/go.cn-access.log;
index index.html index.php;
location / {
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Fprwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://http_backend;
}
}
[root@server ~]# cd /var/log/nginx/
[root@server nginx]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 12月 1 16:15 go.cn-access.log
创建一个nginx容器节点测试
[root@client ~]# docker run -itd -p:91:80 --name test-10 -h test10 nginx
[root@server bin]# consul-template -consul-addr 20.0.0.10:8500 -template "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl:/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" --log-level=info
2020/12/01 08:25:40.094206 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2020/12/01 08:25:40.095564 [INFO] (runner) rendered "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf"
2020/12/01 08:25:40.095584 [INFO] (runner) executing command "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" from "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf"
2020/12/01 08:25:40.095649 [INFO] (child) spawning: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@server nginx]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf
upstream http_backend {
server 20.0.0.20:83;
server 20.0.0.20:91;
}
server {
listen 83;
server_name localhost 20.0.0.10;
access_log /var/log/nginx/go.cn-access.log;
index index.html index.php;
location / {
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Fprwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://http_backend;
}
}
删除一个nginx容器节点,并验证
[root@client ~]# docker stop 40f9d4dae6ff
40f9d4dae6ff
[root@client ~]# docker rm 40f9d4dae6ff
40f9d4dae6ff
[root@server bin]# consul-template -consul-addr 20.0.0.10:8500 -template "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl:/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" --log-level=info
2020/12/01 08:30:42.604648 [INFO] (runner) initiating run
2020/12/01 08:30:42.605731 [INFO] (runner) rendered "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf"
2020/12/01 08:30:42.605759 [INFO] (runner) executing command "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload" from "/root/consul/nginx.ctmpl" => "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf"
2020/12/01 08:30:42.605798 [INFO] (child) spawning: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@server nginx]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/go.conf
upstream http_backend {
server 20.0.0.20:91;
}
server {
listen 83;
server_name localhost 20.0.0.10;
access_log /var/log/nginx/go.cn-access.log;
index index.html index.php;
location / {
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Fprwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://http_backend;
}
}
浏览器登陆nginx并刷新查看所有nginx容器日志文件显示IP地址为同一IP则完成轮询,新创建的nginx容器会自动加入template中轮询
[root@client ~]# docker logs -f test-10
[root@client ~]# docker logs -f test-11
[root@client ~]# docker logs -f test-12
20.0.0.10 - - [01/Dec/2020:08:34:54 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"
20.0.0.10 - - [01/Dec/2020:08:34:55 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"
20.0.0.10 - - [01/Dec/2020:08:34:55 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"