DUMP 文件收集时的几个注意事项

转载地址:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12380499-id-105609.html


DUMP 文件收集时的几个注意事项

环境:(产品aix,平台rs600,机型all,软件版本v4,v5,等)

问题描述: 客户的机器有时会出现死机情况,同时液晶板上会出现888的字样。这是由于系统软件或硬件的
 
故障导致机器宕机,并且机器同时搜集宕机前的相关信息,产生dump文件。客户需要把dump文件 
收集下来,送交IBM进行分析,以找出机器问题所在。但是在搜集数据时我们需要注意一些事项。 
1。系统会自动把dump文件vmcore 文件放到 /var/adm/ras 下 (注dump文件最初放置在paging space 
即hd6中,当重新启动机器后,dump文件会被自动拷出)。但如果/var/adm/ras 目录下没有足够的空间 
去放置dump文件,在重启机器时,系统会要求放置一盘磁带或其他媒质来放置dump文件。 
2。当系统重启后,我们可以用sysdumpdev 来管理和控制dump文件。如: 
root@r6f50 > sysdumpdev -l 
primary              /dev/hd6 
secondary            /dev/sysdumpnull 
copy directory       /var/adm/ras 
forced copy flag     FALSE 
always allow dump    TRUE 
dump compression     OFF 
可以看出主dump设备是 /dev/hd6 ,副设备是 /dev/sysdumpnull ,dump文件放置目录是 /var/adm/ras  

又如: 
root@r6f50 > sysdumpdev -L 
Device name:         /dev/hd6 
Major device number: 10 
Minor device number: 2 
Size:                1077248 bytes 
Date/Time:           Thu Feb 13 01:38:17 GMT 2003 
Dump status:         -3 
dump crashed or did not start 
Dump copy filename: /var/adm/ras/vmcore.13 
可以知道上次系统产生dump文件的时间,大小,文件名称等,而且客户也可以根据上述信息估计下次dump 文件 
大小以便扩充/var/adm/ras 目录。 

3。如果/var/adm/ras 目录空间不够,我们可以在重启机器时选择拷贝dump文件的介质,如磁带机。(当然,我们也 
可以选择不拷贝dump文件,跳过这一步骤)。这时在磁带机上就有了dump文件以及/unix 文件 。如果客户要把文件 
靠出来,需要用 pax 命令。如: 

pax -rf /dev/rmt0.1
 
pax -rf /dev/rmt0.1  (注: dump_file文件和/unix 文件是顺序写在磁带机上的,所以要依次读出)。 

或者用  pax -rf /dev/rmt0   
      tctl -f /dev/rmt0.1 fsf 1 
      pax -rf /dev/rmt0 

4.当然只有dumpwen文件对分析问题还是远远不够的,IBM工程师需要了解更多机器信息,以便更快更准确的分析dump文件。
 
 系统提供一个snap工具来搜集系统其他信息,如:errpt 错误报告,lslpp 系统包安装情况及版本等等。 

 客户可以用snap -a  命令,系统会自动搜集机器信息并放在/tmp目录新下生成的一个/ibmsupt 目录下。如果系统 
 /var/adm/ras 目录足够大,dump 文件 vmcore 已经产生,snap -a 命令会把dump 文件也收集到/inmsupt目录下, 
 这样客户只要把/tmp/ibmsupt 下的内容交给ibm工程师即可。如果dump文件在启机时已经拷贝到介质如磁带机里, 
 客户需要把/tmp/ibmsupt 以及磁带都交给IBM. 当然客户也可以用snap -gfkd 命令同时收集dump文件和相关信息 
 到/tmp/ibmsupt 目录下并交给IBM. 

Optimize Windows system reliability and performance with Sysinternals IT pros and power users consider the free Windows Sysinternals tools indispensable for diagnosing, troubleshooting, and deeply understanding the Windows platform. In this extensively updated guide, Sysinternals creator Mark Russinovich and Windows expert Aaron Margosis help you use these powerful tools to optimize any Windows system’s reliability, efficiency, performance, and security. The authors first explain Sysinternals’ capabilities and help you get started fast. Next, they offer in-depth coverage of each major tool, from Process Explorer and Process Monitor to Sysinternals’ security and file utilities. Then, building on this knowledge, they show the tools being used to solve real-world cases involving error messages, hangs, sluggishness, malware infections, and much more. Windows Sysinternals creator Mark Russinovich and Aaron Margosis show you how to: Use Process Explorer to display detailed process and system information Use Process Monitor to capture low-level system events, and quickly filter the output to narrow down root causes List, categorize, and manage software that starts when you start or sign in to your computer, or when you run Microsoft Office or Internet Explorer Verify digital signatures of files, of running programs, and of the modules loaded in those programs Use Autoruns, Process Explorer, Sigcheck, and Process Monitor features that can identify and clean malware infestations Inspect permissions on files, keys, services, shares, and other objects Use Sysmon to monitor security-relevant events across your network Generate memory dumps when a process meets specified criteria Execute processes remotely, and close files that were opened remotely Manage Active Directory objects and trace LDAP API calls Capture detailed data about processors, memory, and clocks Troubleshoot unbootable devices, file-in-use errors, unexplained communication, and many other problems Understand Windows core concepts that aren’t well-documented elsewhere Table of Contents PART I: GETTING STARTED Chapter 1 Getting started with the Sysinternals utilities Chapter 2 Windows core concepts Chapter 3 Process Explorer Chapter 4 Autoruns PART II: USAGE GUIDE Chapter 5 Process Monitor Chapter 6 ProcDump Chapter 7 PsTools Chapter 8 Process and diagnostic utilities Chapter 9 Security utilities Chapter 10 Active Directory utilities Chapter 11 Desktop utilities Chapter 12 File utilities Chapter 13 Disk utilities Chapter 14 Network and communication utilities Chapter 15 System information utilities Chapter 16 Miscellaneous utilities PART III: TROUBLESHOOTING—“THE CASE OF THE UNEXPLAINED…” Chapter 17 Error messages Chapter 18 Crashes Chapter 19 Hangs and sluggish performance Chapter 20 Malware Chapter 21 Understanding system behavior Chapter 22 Developer troubleshooting
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