ViewPager-CSDN博客

ViewPager在开发中的使用频率非常的高，所以在此做个总结。主要包括以下几方面：

ViewPager的简介和作用
ViewPager的适配器
ViewPager的翻页动画
简化ViewPager的使用
ViewPager结合第三方库实现小圆点指示器效果
ViewPager结合design库实现tab切换
基于ViewPager实现广告轮播控件

按照惯例，先上个效果图

demo.gif
基础篇

1.ViewPager的简介和作用
ViewPager是android扩展包v4包中的类，这个类可以让用户左右切换当前的view
1）ViewPager类直接继承了ViewGroup类，所有它是一个容器类，可以在其中添加其他的view类。
2）ViewPager类需要一个PagerAdapter适配器类给它提供数据。
3）ViewPager经常和Fragment一起使用，并且提供了专门的FragmentPagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter类供Fragment中的ViewPager使用。

2.ViewPager的适配器
简介中提到了PagerAdapter，和ListView等控件使用一样,需要ViewPager设置PagerAdapter来完成页面和数据的绑定，这个PagerAdapter是一个基类适配器，我们经常用它来实现app引导图，它的子类有FragmentPagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter,这两个子类适配器用于和Fragment一起使用，在安卓应用中它们就像listview一样出现的频繁。

实现一个最基本的PagerAdapter,《必须实现四个方法》，在代码里有注释

public class AdapterViewpager extends PagerAdapter {
private List mViewList;

public AdapterViewpager(List<View> mViewList) {
    this.mViewList = mViewList;
}

@Override
public int getCount() {//必须实现
    return mViewList.size();
}

@Override
public boolean isViewFromObject(View view, Object object) {//必须实现
    return view == object;
}

@Override
public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {//必须实现，实例化
    container.addView(mViewList.get(position));
    return mViewList.get(position);
}

@Override
public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {//必须实现，销毁
    container.removeView(mViewList.get(position));
}

}

实现一个最基本的FragmentPagerAdapter

public class AdapterFragment extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
private List mFragments;

public AdapterFragment(FragmentManager fm, List<Fragment> mFragments) {
    super(fm);
    this.mFragments = mFragments;
}

@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {//必须实现
    return mFragments.get(position);
}

@Override
public int getCount() {//必须实现
    return mFragments.size();
}

@Override
public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {//选择性实现
    return mFragments.get(position).getClass().getSimpleName();
}

}

FragmentStatePagerAdapter的实现和FragmentPagerAdapter的实现一样就不在写了

3个适配器的基本实现讲完了是不是很简单，那他们的区别是什么呢？
PagerAdapter是基类适配器是一个通用的ViewPager适配器，相比PagerAdapter，FragmentPagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter更专注于每一页是Fragment的情况，而这两个子类适配器使用情况也是有区别的。FragmentPagerAdapter适用于页面比较少的情况，FragmentStatePagerAdapter适用于页面比较多的情况。为什么？简单分析下两个适配器的源码就可以知道了。

FragmentStatePagerAdapter

   @Override
  public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
      // If we already have this item instantiated, there is nothing
      // to do.  This can happen when we are restoring the entire pager
      // from its saved state, where the fragment manager has already
      // taken care of restoring the fragments we previously had instantiated.
      if (mFragments.size() > position) {
          Fragment f = mFragments.get(position);//fragment被释放后这里得到的null值
          if (f != null) {
              return f;
          }
      }

      if (mCurTransaction == null) {
          mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
      }

      Fragment fragment = getItem(position);//fragment被释放后或者是初次进入页面拿到新的Fragment实例
      if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding item #" + position + ": f=" + fragment);
      if (mSavedState.size() > position) {
          Fragment.SavedState fss = mSavedState.get(position);
          if (fss != null) {
              fragment.setInitialSavedState(fss);
          }
      }
      while (mFragments.size() <= position) {
          mFragments.add(null);
      }
      fragment.setMenuVisibility(false);
      fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false);
      mFragments.set(position, fragment);
      mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment);//新的Fragment实例 是add上去的

      return fragment;
  }

 @Override
  public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
      Fragment fragment = (Fragment) object;

      if (mCurTransaction == null) {
          mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
      }
      if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Removing item #" + position + ": f=" + object
              + " v=" + ((Fragment)object).getView());
      while (mSavedState.size() <= position) {
          mSavedState.add(null);
      }
      mSavedState.set(position, fragment.isAdded()
              ? mFragmentManager.saveFragmentInstanceState(fragment) : null);
      mFragments.set(position, null);//真正释放了fragment实例

      mCurTransaction.remove(fragment);
  }

FragmentPagerAdapter

  @Override
  public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
      if (mCurTransaction == null) {
          mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
      }

      final long itemId = getItemId(position);

      // Do we already have this fragment?
      String name = makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId);
      Fragment fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(name);
      if (fragment != null) {
          if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Attaching item #" + itemId + ": f=" + fragment);
          mCurTransaction.attach(fragment);//因为fragment实例没有被真正释放，所以可以直接attach效率高
      } else {
          fragment = getItem(position);//初始化页面的时候拿到fragment的实例
          if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding item #" + itemId + ": f=" + fragment);
          mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment,
                  makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId));//add上去
      }
      if (fragment != mCurrentPrimaryItem) {
          fragment.setMenuVisibility(false);
          fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false);
      }

      return fragment;
  }

  @Override
  public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
      if (mCurTransaction == null) {
          mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
      }
      if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Detaching item #" + getItemId(position) + ": f=" + object
              + " v=" + ((Fragment)object).getView());
      mCurTransaction.detach((Fragment)object);//并没有真正释放fragment对象只是detach
  }

从源码中我们可以看出FragmentStatePagerAdapter中fragment实例在destroyItem的时候被真正释放，所以FragmentStatePagerAdapter省内存。FragmentPagerAdapter中的fragment实例在destroyItem的时候并没有真正释放fragment对象只是detach，所以FragmentPagerAdapter消耗更多的内存，带来的好处就是效率更高一些。所以得出这样的结论：FragmentPagerAdapter适用于页面比较少的情况，FragmentStatePagerAdapter适用于页面比较多的情况，因此不同的场合选择合适的适配器才是正确的做法

3.ViewPager的翻页动画
为ViewPager设置适配器后，就可以正常使用了，接下来我们为ViewPager增加翻页动画，毕竟人的审美会疲劳，加上一些动画交互会提高不少逼格~~，ViewPager提供了PageTransformer接口用于实现翻页动画。
官方提供了PageTransformer的实现例子。

public class DepthPageTransformer implements ViewPager.PageTransformer {
private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.75f;

public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
    Log.d("DepthPageTransformer", view.getTag() + " , " + position + "");
    int pageWidth = view.getWidth();

    if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
        // This page is way off-screen to the left.
        view.setAlpha(0);

    } else if (position <= 0) { // [-1,0]
        // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page
        view.setAlpha(1);
        view.setTranslationX(0);
        view.setScaleX(1);
        view.setScaleY(1);

    } else if (position <= 1) { // (0,1]
        // Fade the page out.
        view.setAlpha(1 - position);

        // Counteract the default slide transition
        view.setTranslationX(pageWidth * -position);

        // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
        float scaleFactor = MIN_SCALE
                + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position));
        view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
        view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

    } else { // (1,+Infinity]
        // This page is way off-screen to the right.
        view.setAlpha(0);
    }
}

}

public class ZoomOutPageTransformer implements ViewPager.PageTransformer {
private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.85f;
private static final float MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f;

@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
    int pageWidth = view.getWidth();
    int pageHeight = view.getHeight();

    Log.e("TAG", view + " , " + position + "");

    if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
        // This page is way off-screen to the left.
        view.setAlpha(0);

    } else if (position <= 1) 
    { // [-1,1]
        // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well
        float scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position));
        float vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
        float horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
        if (position < 0) {
            view.setTranslationX(horzMargin - vertMargin / 2);
        } else {
            view.setTranslationX(-horzMargin + vertMargin / 2);
        }

        // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
        view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
        view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

        // Fade the page relative to its size.
        view.setAlpha(MIN_ALPHA + (scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE)
                / (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA));

    } else { // (1,+Infinity]
        // This page is way off-screen to the right.
        view.setAlpha(0);
    }
}

}

实现翻页动画的关键就是重写transformPage方法，方法里有两个参数view和position,理解这两个参数非常重要。假设有三个页面view1，view2，view3从左至右在viewPager中显示

往左滑动时：view1，view2，view3的position都是不断变小的。

               view1的position: 0 → -1 → 负无穷大
               view2的position: 1 → 0 → -1 
               view3的position: 1 → 0

往右滑动时：view1，view2，view3的position都是不断变大的。

               view1的position: -1 → 0 
               view2的position: -1 → 0 → 1 
               view3的position: 0 → 1→ 正无穷大

当position是正负无穷大时view就离开屏幕视野了。因此最核心的控制逻辑是在[-1,0]和(0,1]这两个区间，通过设置透明度，平移，旋转，缩放等动画组合可以实现各式各样的页面变化效果。

4.简化ViewPager的使用

不会偷懒的程序猿不是好程序员

这里只是做了最简单的封装，可以根据需要调整

PagerAdapter简化

public class QuickPageAdapter<T extends View> extends PagerAdapter {
  private List<T> mList;

  public QuickPageAdapter(List<T> mList) {
      this.mList = mList;
  }

  @Override
  public int getCount() {
      return mList.size();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isViewFromObject(View view, Object object) {
      return object == view;
  }

  @Override
  public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
      container.addView(mList.get(position));
      return mList.get(position);
  }

  @Override
  public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
      container.removeView(mList.get(position));
  }
}

使用它，这样不用每次都写个适配器
List<View> views = new ArrayList<>();
...
mViewPager.setAdapter(new QuickPageAdapter<View>(views));

FragmentPagerAdapter简化

public class QuickFragmentPageAdapter<T extends Fragment> extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
  private List<T> mList;
  private String[] mStrings;

  /**
   * @param fm
   * @param list
   * @param titles PageTitles
   */
  public QuickFragmentPageAdapter(FragmentManager fm, List<T> list, String[] titles) {
      super(fm);
      mList = list;
      mStrings = titles;
  }

  @Override
  public Fragment getItem(int position) {
      return mList.get(position);
  }

  @Override
  public int getCount() {
      return mList.size();
  }

  @Override
  public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
      return mStrings == null ? super.getPageTitle(position) : mStrings[position];
  }
}

FragmentStatePagerAdapter封装类似FragmentPagerAdapter就不写了，基本使用讲完了。

5.补充一个知识点
mViewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit()//这个方法是用来控制fragment不重新走生命周期的个数的，打个比方一共4个fragment页面，如果mViewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(3)，那么所有的fragment都只走一次生命周期，如果是mViewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(2)，那么其中有一个fragment会在切换的时候重新走一遍生命周期，FragmentStatePagerAdapter和FragmentPagerAdapter都是这样，但是FragmentPagerAdapter设置setOffscreenPageLimit不影响fragment缓存的个数,而FragmentStatePagerAdapter缓存的fragment实例个数就是setOffscreenPageLimit设置的值+1。另外setOffscreenPageLimit的缺省值是1，设置0是无效的会被强制赋值成1。

private static final int DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES = 1;
public void setOffscreenPageLimit(int limit) {
if (limit < DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES) {
Log.w(TAG, “Requested offscreen page limit ” + limit + ” too small; defaulting to ” +
DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES);
limit = DEFAULT_OFFSCREEN_PAGES;//强制赋值为1
}
if (limit != mOffscreenPageLimit) {
mOffscreenPageLimit = limit;
populate();
}
}

提高篇

1.ViewPager结合第三方库实现小圆点指示器效果
https://github.com/ongakuer/CircleIndicator

screenshot.gif

使用看官方文档很简单。

看一下实现思路

public void setViewPager(ViewPager viewPager) {
    mViewpager = viewPager;
    if (mViewpager != null && mViewpager.getAdapter() != null) {
        mLastPosition = -1;
        createIndicators();
        mViewpager.removeOnPageChangeListener(mInternalPageChangeListener);
        mViewpager.addOnPageChangeListener(mInternalPageChangeListener);//绑定上内部实现的PageChangeListener
        mInternalPageChangeListener.onPageSelected(mViewpager.getCurrentItem());
    }
}

private final OnPageChangeListener mInternalPageChangeListener = new OnPageChangeListener() {

    @Override
    public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
    }

    @Override public void onPageSelected(int position) {//这里是动画的核心

        if (mViewpager.getAdapter() == null || mViewpager.getAdapter().getCount() <= 0) {
            return;
        }

        if (mAnimatorIn.isRunning()) {
            mAnimatorIn.end();
            mAnimatorIn.cancel();
        }

        if (mAnimatorOut.isRunning()) {
            mAnimatorOut.end();
            mAnimatorOut.cancel();
        }

        View currentIndicator;
        if (mLastPosition >= 0 && (currentIndicator = getChildAt(mLastPosition)) != null) {//页面离开屏幕时指示器动画
            currentIndicator.setBackgroundResource(mIndicatorUnselectedBackgroundResId);
            mAnimatorIn.setTarget(currentIndicator);
            mAnimatorIn.start();
        }

        View selectedIndicator = getChildAt(position);
        if (selectedIndicator != null) {//页面进入屏幕时指示器动画
            selectedIndicator.setBackgroundResource(mIndicatorBackgroundResId);
            mAnimatorOut.setTarget(selectedIndicator);
            mAnimatorOut.start();
        }
        mLastPosition = position;
    }

    @Override public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
    }
};

2.ViewPager结合design库实现tab切换
在design库中有个TabLayout可以为viewPager加上Tab标题头

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.viewpager.MainActivity">

    <android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
        android:id="@+id/mTabLayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"></android.support.design.widget.TabLayout>

    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
        android:id="@+id/mViewPager"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"></android.support.v4.view.ViewPager>

</LinearLayout>

mTabLayout.setupWithViewPager(mViewPager);//一行代码完成绑定

更多高级的用法包括tab中添加icon等请转至这里传送门

3.基于ViewPager实现广告轮播控件
https://github.com/daimajia/AndroidImageSlider

imageSlider.gif

源码分析，省略了部分代码：

public class SliderLayout extends RelativeLayout{

private InfiniteViewPager mViewPager;//这个ViewPager只是修改了setPageTransformer方法去掉了if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) 的限制，结合NineOldDroid库让动画兼容低版本

/**
 * InfiniteViewPager adapter.
 */
private SliderAdapter mSliderAdapter;//这个是PagerAdapter

/**
 * {@link com.daimajia.slider.library.Tricks.ViewPagerEx} indicator.
 */
private PagerIndicator mIndicator;//页面指示器


/**
 * A timer and a TimerTask using to cycle the {@link com.daimajia.slider.library.Tricks.ViewPagerEx}.
 */
private Timer mCycleTimer;//用于轮播的定时器
private TimerTask mCycleTask;

/**
 * For resuming the cycle, after user touch or click the {@link com.daimajia.slider.library.Tricks.ViewPagerEx}.
 */
private Timer mResumingTimer;
private TimerTask mResumingTask;

/**
 * {@link com.daimajia.slider.library.Tricks.ViewPagerEx} 's transformer
 */
private BaseTransformer mViewPagerTransformer;//PageTransformer的封装用于控制页面翻页效果

public SliderLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {//核心代码，用于初始化ViewPager
    super(context, attrs, defStyle);
    mContext = context;
    LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.slider_layout, this, true);

    final TypedArray attributes = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.SliderLayout,
            defStyle,0);

    mTransformerSpan = attributes.getInteger(R.styleable.SliderLayout_pager_animation_span, 1100);
    mTransformerId = attributes.getInt(R.styleable.SliderLayout_pager_animation, Transformer.Default.ordinal());
    mAutoCycle = attributes.getBoolean(R.styleable.SliderLayout_auto_cycle,true);
    int visibility = attributes.getInt(R.styleable.SliderLayout_indicator_visibility,0);
    for(PagerIndicator.IndicatorVisibility v: PagerIndicator.IndicatorVisibility.values()){
        if(v.ordinal() == visibility){
            mIndicatorVisibility = v;
            break;
        }
    }
    mSliderAdapter = new SliderAdapter(mContext);
    PagerAdapter wrappedAdapter = new InfinitePagerAdapter(mSliderAdapter);

    mViewPager = (InfiniteViewPager)findViewById(R.id.daimajia_slider_viewpager);
    mViewPager.setAdapter(wrappedAdapter);

    mViewPager.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {
        @Override
        public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
            int action = event.getAction();
            switch (action) {
                 case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    recoverCycle();
                    break;
            }
            return false;
        }
    });

    attributes.recycle();
    setPresetIndicator(PresetIndicators.Center_Bottom);
    setPresetTransformer(mTransformerId);
    setSliderTransformDuration(mTransformerSpan,null);
    setIndicatorVisibility(mIndicatorVisibility);
    if(mAutoCycle){
        startAutoCycle();
    }
}

@Override
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    int action = ev.getAction();
    switch (action) {
        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN://手指按下时候暂停轮播
            pauseAutoCycle();
            break;
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * preset transformers and their names
 */
public enum Transformer{//PageTransformer枚举
    Default("Default"),
    Accordion("Accordion"),
    Background2Foreground("Background2Foreground"),
    CubeIn("CubeIn"),
    DepthPage("DepthPage"),
    Fade("Fade"),
    FlipHorizontal("FlipHorizontal"),
    FlipPage("FlipPage"),
    Foreground2Background("Foreground2Background"),
    RotateDown("RotateDown"),
    RotateUp("RotateUp"),
    Stack("Stack"),
    Tablet("Tablet"),
    ZoomIn("ZoomIn"),
    ZoomOutSlide("ZoomOutSlide"),
    ZoomOut("ZoomOut");

    private final String name;

    private Transformer(String s){
        name = s;
    }
    public String toString(){
        return name;
    }

    public boolean equals(String other){
        return (other == null)? false:name.equals(other);
    }
};

}

通过分析我们可以对SliderLayout实现思路小结一下：
1.内部持有一个修改过的ViewPager控件，可以兼容低版本的页面转换动画
2.内部有一个实现了PagerAdapter的SliderAdapter适配器
3.内部持有一个PagerIndicator 页面指示器可供选择
4.维护一个定时任务用于控制轮播
5.对手势事件进行处理暂停轮播，继续轮播
6.提供了很多缺省的PageTransformer方便调用
最后在构造函数中初始化ViewPager。

原链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/e5abbda4a71c#