5.User Interface/Menu

1. Menu

　　Three fundamental types of menus or action presentation on all versions of Android:

　　<1>Option menu and action bar

　　　　Android 2.3 or lower, reveal the options menu panel by pressing MEnu button

　　　　Android 3.0 or higher, options menu are presented by the action bar as a combination of on-screen action items and overflow options

　　<2>Context menu and contextual action mode

　　　　floating menu that appears when user performs a long_click on an element

　　<3>Popup menu

　　　　displays a list of items in a vertical list that's anchored to the view that invoked the menu.

 

2. Defining a Menu in XML

　　define a menu and all its items in an XML menu resource. then inflate the menu resource(load it as a Menu object) in activity or fragment

　　<menu>  a container for menu items.

　　<item>    a single item in a menu

　　　　　　　This element may contain a nested <menu> element in order to create a submenu.

　　<group> invisible container for <item> elements

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    // File menu
    <item android:id="@+id/file"
          android:title="@string/file" >
        <!-- "file" submenu -->
        <menu>
            <item android:id="@+id/create_new"
                  android:title="@string/create_new" />
            <item android:id="@+id/open"
                  android:title="@string/open" />
        </menu>
    </item>
   
    // Edit Menu
    <item android:id="@+id/edit"
           .......>
</menu>

 

3. Creating an options Menu

　　Android 2.3 or lower. the contents of your options menu appear at the bottom of the screen when the user presses the Menu button,

　　　　

　　Android 3.0 and higher, items from the options menu are available in the action bar.

　　　　

　　By default, the system places all items in the action overflow, which the user can reveal with the action overflow icon on the right side

　　　　of the action bar

　　To enable quick access to important actions, you can promote a few items to appear in the action bar by adding

　　　　android:showAsAction="ifRoom" to the corresponding <item> elements

　　To specify the options menu for an activity, override onCreateOptionMenu(), inflate menu resource(defined in XML) into the Menu

　　　　provided in the callback

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.game_menu, menu);
    return true;
}

　　add menu items using add() and retrive items with findItem() to revise their properties with MenuItem APIs

　　3.1 Handling click events

　　　　selects an item from the options menu, system calls activity`s onOptionsItemSelected() method

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    // Handle item selection
    switch (item.getItemId()) {
        case R.id.new_game:  //item`s id
            newGame();
            return true;
        case R.id.help:
            showHelp();
            return true;
        default:
            return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

　　3.2 Changing menu items at runtime

　　　　If you want to modify the options menu based on events that occur during the activity lifecycle, you can do so in the

　　　　　　onPrepareOptionsMenu() method.This method passes the Menu objects as it currently exsits so you can modify it, such as add,

　　　　　　remove, or disable items

　　　　On Android 3.0 and higher, the options menu is considered to always be open when menu items are presented in the action bar. When

　　　　　　an event occurs and you want to perform a menu update, you must call invalidateOptionsMenu() to request that the system call

　　　　　　onPrepareOptionsMenu().

 

4. Creating Contextual Menus

　　There are two ways to provide contextual actions:

　　<1> In a floating context menu (left)

　　<2> In a contextual action mode (right)

　　　　

　　4.1 floating context menu

　　　　<i> Register the View to which the context menu should be associated by calling registerForContetxMenu() and pass it the View

　　　　<ii> Implement the onCreateContextMenu() method

　　　　　　 When the registered view receives a long-click event, the system calls onCreateContextMenu()

　　　　　　 This is where you define the menu items, usually by inflating a menu resource

@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,
                                ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
    super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo);
    MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.context_menu, menu);
} 

　　　　<iii> Implement onContextItemselected()

@Override
public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterContextMenuInfo) item.getMenuInfo();
    switch (item.getItemId()) {
        case R.id.edit:
            editNote(info.id);
            return true;
        case R.id.delete:
            deleteNote(info.id);
            return true;
        default:
            return super.onContextItemSelected(item);
    }
}

　　4.2 contextual action mode

　　　　4.2.1 Enabling the contextual action mode for individual views

　　　　　　<i> implement the ActionMode.Callback interface

private ActionMode.Callback mActionModeCallback = new ActionMode.Callback() {

    // Called when the action mode is created; startActionMode() was called
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
        // Inflate a menu resource providing context menu items
        MenuInflater inflater = mode.getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.context_menu, menu);
        return true;
    }

    // Called each time the action mode is shown. Always called after onCreateActionMode, but
    // may be called multiple times if the mode is invalidated.
    @Override
    public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
        return false; // Return false if nothing is done
    }

    // Called when the user selects a contextual menu item
    @Override
    public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.menu_share:
                shareCurrentItem();
                mode.finish(); // Action picked, so close the CAB
                return true;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    // Called when the user exits the action mode
    @Override
    public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) {
        mActionMode = null;
    }
};

　　　　　　<ii> call startActionMode() to enable the contextual action mode whem appropriate, such as in response to a long-click on a View

someView.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
    // Called when the user long-clicks on someView
    public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
        if (mActionMode != null) {
            return false;
        }

        // Start the CAB using the ActionMode.Callback defined above
        mActionMode = getActivity().startActionMode(mActionModeCallback);
        view.setSelected(true);
        return true;
    }
});

　　　　4.2.2 Enabling batch contextual actions in a ListView or GridView

ListView listView = getListView();
listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_MULTIPLE_MODAL);
listView.setMultiChoiceModeListener(new MultiChoiceModeListener() {

    @Override
    public void onItemCheckedStateChanged(ActionMode mode, int position,
                                          long id, boolean checked) {
        // Here you can do something when items are selected/de-selected,
        // such as update the title in the CAB
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) {
        // Respond to clicks on the actions in the CAB
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.menu_delete:
                deleteSelectedItems();
                mode.finish(); // Action picked, so close the CAB
                return true;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu for the CAB
        MenuInflater inflater = mode.getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.context, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) {
        // Here you can make any necessary updates to the activity when
        // the CAB is removed. By default, selected items are deselected/unchecked.
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
        // Here you can perform updates to the CAB due to
        // an invalidate() request
        return false;
    }
});

 

5. Creating a Popup Menu

　　A PopupMenu is a model anchored to a View

　　　　

　　Here is a button with the android:onClick attribute that shows a popup menu

<ImageButton
    android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
    android:src="@drawable/ic_overflow_holo_dark"
    android:contentDescription="@string/descr_overflow_button"
    android:onClick="showPopup" />

　　The activity can then show the popup menu like this:

public void showPopup(View v) {
    PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(this, v);

　　// This activity implements OnMenuItemClickListener
    popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(this);

    MenuInflater inflater = popup.getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.actions, popup.getMenu());
    popup.show();
}

　　Handling click events

@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
    switch (item.getItemId()) {
        case R.id.archive:
            archive(item);
            return true;
        case R.id.delete:
            delete(item);
            return true;
        default:
            return false;
    }
}

 

6. Creating Menu Groups

　　A meuu group is a collection of menu items that share certain trails. with a group, you can

　　<1>show or hide all items with setGroupVisible()

　　<2>Enable or diosable all items with setGroupEnabled()

　　<3>specify whether all items are checked with setGroupCheckable()

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:id="@+id/menu_save"
          android:icon="@drawable/menu_save"
          android:title="@string/menu_save" />
    <!-- menu group -->
    <group android:id="@+id/group_delete">
        <item android:id="@+id/menu_archive"
              android:title="@string/menu_archive" />
        <item android:id="@+id/menu_delete"
              android:title="@string/menu_delete" />
    </group>
</menu>

　　6.1 Using checkable menu items

　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <group android:checkableBehavior="single">
        <item android:id="@+id/map"
              android:title="@string/map" />
        <item android:id="@+id/satellite"
              android:title="@string/satellite" />
　　　　 <item android:id="@+id/traffic" 
　　　　　　　　android:title="@string/traffic" />
    </group>
</menu>

　　　　android:checkableBehavior attribute accpets either:

　　　　　　<i>single: Only one item from the group can be checked (radio buttons)

　　　　　　<ii>all: All items can be checked (checkboxes)

　　　　　　<iii>none: No items are checkable

　　6.2 adding Menu items Based on an Intent

　　6.3 Allowing youractivity to be added to other menus

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/iMirror/p/4076864.html