由ControlTemplate或DataTemplate生成的控件都是“由Template生成的控件”。ControlTemplate和DataTemplate两个类均派生子FrameworkTemplate类,这个类有个名为FindName的方法供我们检索其内部控件。
首先看ControlTemplate生成的控件。设计一个ControlTemplate并把它应用在一个UserControl上,界面上还一个Button,在它的事件处理器中检索由ControlTemplate生成的代码:
程序的XAML代码:
<Window.Resources>
<ControlTemplate x:Key="cTmp">
<StackPanel Background="Orange">
<TextBox x:Name="txtOne" Margin="6" />
<TextBox x:Name="txtTwo" Margin="6,0" />
<TextBox x:Name="txtThree" Margin="6" />
</StackPanel>
</ControlTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<StackPanel Background="Yellow">
<UserControl x:Name="us" Template="{StaticResource cTmp}" Margin="5" />
<Button Content="Find by Name" Width="120" Height="30" Click="Button_Click" />
</StackPanel>
//Button的Click事件处理器
private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
TextBox tb = this.us.Template.FindName("txtOne", this.us) as TextBox;
tb.Text = "Hello WPF";
StackPanel sp = tb.Parent as StackPanel;
(sp.Children[1] as TextBox).Text = "Hello ControlTemplate";
(sp.Children[2] as TextBox).Text = "I can find you!";
}
效果图如下:
寻找由DataTemplate生成的控件,我们要考虑想从中获取那些数据,如果想获得单纯与用户界面相关的数据(如控件宽度、高度等),这么做是正确的。
DataTemplate的一个常用之处是GridViewColumn的CellTemplate属性,CellTemplate默认是使用TextBlock只读性的显示数据,如果想让用户修改数据或者使用CheckBox显示bool类型数据的话就需要自定义DataTemplate。
做一个表单,并且将光标放在显示姓名的TextBox上时,显示Checkbox控件的名字。
先定义一个Student类:
public class Student
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Skill { get; set; }
public bool HasJob { get; set; }
}
XAML部分代码:
<Window.Resources>
<!--数据集合-->
<c:ArrayList x:Key="stuList">
<localEntity:Student Id="1" Name="Timoty Liu" Skill="WPF" HasJob="True" />
<localEntity:Student Id="2" Name="Tom Chang" Skill="BI/SQL" HasJob="True" />
<localEntity:Student Id="3" Name="Guan Chong" Skill="Writing" HasJob="False" />
<localEntity:Student Id="4" Name="Shanshan" Skill="C#/Java" HasJob="False" />
<localEntity:Student Id="5" Name="Pingping Zhang" Skill="Writing" HasJob="False" />
<localEntity:Student Id="6" Name="Kenny Tian" Skill="ASP.NET" HasJob="False" />
</c:ArrayList>
<!--DataTemplates-->
<DataTemplate x:Key="nameDT">
<TextBox x:Name="txtName" Text="{Binding Name}" GotFocus="txtName_GotFocus" />
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate x:Key="skillDT">
<TextBox x:Name="txtSkill" Text="{Binding Skill}" />
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate x:Key="hjDT">
<CheckBox x:Name="checkBoxJob" IsChecked="{Binding HasJob}" />
</DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid Margin="5">
<ListView x:Name="listViewStudent" ItemsSource="{StaticResource stuList}">
<ListView.View>
<GridView>
<GridViewColumn Header="ID" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Id}" />
<GridViewColumn Header="姓名" CellTemplate="{StaticResource nameDT}" />
<GridViewColumn Header="技术" CellTemplate="{StaticResource skillDT}" />
<GridViewColumn Header="已工作" CellTemplate="{StaticResource hjDT}" />
</GridView>
</ListView.View>
</ListView>
</Grid>
在DataTemplate里添加事件处理器,在界面上任何一个由此DataTemplate生成的TextBox都会在获得焦点时调用txtName_GotFocus这个事件处理器。
private void txtName_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//访问业务逻辑数据
TextBox tb = e.OriginalSource as TextBox; //获取事件发起的源头
ContentPresenter cp = tb.TemplatedParent as ContentPresenter; //获取模板目标
Student stu = cp.Content as Student; //获取业务逻辑数据
this.listViewStudent.SelectedItem = stu;
//访问界面元素
ListViewItem Ivi = this.listViewStudent.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(stu) as ListViewItem;
CheckBox chb = this.FindVisualChild<CheckBox>(Ivi);
MessageBox.Show(chb.Name);
}
private ChildType FindVisualChild<ChildType>(DependencyObject obj)
where ChildType : DependencyObject
{
for (int i = 0; i < VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(obj); i++)
{
DependencyObject child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(obj, i);
if (child != null && child is ChildType)
{
return child as ChildType;
}
else
{
ChildType childOfChild = FindVisualChild<ChildType>(child);
if (childOfChild != null)
{
return childOfChild;
}
}
}
return null;
}
效果如图:
对于结构简单的控件可以使用DataTemplate对象的FindName方法;对于结构复杂的控件则需要借助VisualTreeHelper来实现。