maven(3)maven3.3.9使用入门

maven(3)maven3.3.9使用入门

2016-06-17 16:00 10274人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

分类：

(8)maven_in_action（5）

作者同类文章 X

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。

【0】README

1）maven 安装

step1）检查 jdk  是否安装且 环境变量 JAVA_HOME 是否设置；

step2）download maven： https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi?Preferred=ftp://mirror.reverse.net/pub/apache/

step3）解压，同样添加maven的环境变量M2_HOME（maven_home/bin 所在目录）；

step4）mvn -n 测试 maven 安装是否正确；

2）相关概念补充（Supplement）

s1）构建：我们每天有相当一部分时间花在了编译，运行单元测试，生成文档，打包和部署等繁琐且不起眼的工作上，这叫做构建；

s2）maven 通过一个坐标系统准确地定位每一个构建（jar文件）：也就是通过一组坐标 maven 能够找到任何一个 java 类库（如jar文件）；（干货——引入了坐标+定位）

3）maven的中央仓库和本地仓库

3.1）中央仓库：maven 为全球的 java 开发者提供了一个免费的中央仓库（http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/），在其中集合可以找到任何的流行开源类库；（干货——引入了中央仓库，当然与之对应的还有本地仓库）

3.2）本地仓库：用户目录/.m2/repository/ （用户目录如 C:\Users\lenovo） ；

(t2)

4）配置用户范围 settings.xml

4.1）大多数用户需要将 M2_HOME/conf/settings.xml（dir1） copy 到 本地仓库的父目录下（dir2）（即它们是兄弟，如上图所示）

4.2）reasons：

reason1）dir1 是全局配置，该机子上的所有用户都要受到该配置的影响，而dir2 是用户范围的，只对当前用户（lenovo）产生影响；

reason2）配置用户范围 settting.xml 文件还便于maven升级。直接修改 conf/settings.xml 文件 会导致 maven 升级不便；

Attention）

A1）maven 能够帮助我们 清理，编译，测试，打包，部署，然后得到 final products；

A2）通过 其 衍生工具 Nexus，我们还能对开源类库（如jar）进行快速地搜索；

【1】编写POM

1）Hello的 pom.xml 文件如下：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
5.                             http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
6.   
7.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
8.     <groupId>com.maven.chapter3</groupId>  
9.     <artifactId>service</artifactId>  
10.     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  
11.     <name>service says hello maven.</name>    
12. </project>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
							http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.maven.chapter3</groupId>
	<artifactId>service</artifactId>
	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>service says hello maven.</name>	
</project>

对以上代码的分析（Analysis）：

A1）project：是所有 pom.xml 的根元素，它声明了一些 POM 相关的命名空间和 xsd 元素；

A2）modelVersion： 指定了当前 pom 模型的版本，对于 maven 3来说，它只能是4.0.0

A3）groupId：定义了项目输入那个组；

A4）artifactId：定义了当前maven项目在组中唯一的id号码；

A5）version：指定了Hello 项目当前的版本；

A6）name：声明了一个对于用户更为友好的项目名称；

Attention）

A1）要知道， groupId + artifactId  + version 组成了一个坐标，当然你也看做是 三维坐标用来定位 所需 类库的位置；（干货——坐标==groupId + artifactId  + version，坐标的作用是定位 依赖类库的位置）

A2）看个荔枝：以junit为例，其jar list 如下所示；如果要用 Junit4.7的话，则其 坐标定义如下：

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1. <groupId>junit</groupId>  
2. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
3. <version>4.7</version>  

<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.7</version>

(t3)

(t4)

【2】编写主代码

1）Hello.java 代码如下：

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1. package com.maven.chapter3.service;  
2.   
3. public class Hello {  
4.       
5.     public String sayHello() {  
6.         return "hello maven.";  
7.     }  
8.       
9.     public static void main(String[] args) {  
10.         System.out.println((new Hello()).sayHello());  
11.     }  
12. }  

package com.maven.chapter3.service;

public class Hello {
	
	public String sayHello() {
		return "hello maven.";
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println((new Hello()).sayHello());
	}
}

2）关于主代码有两点注意（Attention）：

A1）在 大多数case下：应该把项目主代码放到 src/main/java 目录下；maven 会自动搜寻该目录找到项目主代码；

A2）该java类的包名是 com.maven.chapter3.service：这与之前在 pom 中定义的 groupId 和 artifactID 要吻合；

3）代码编写完毕后，使用maven进行编译（mvn clean compile）

对以上console info的分析（Analysis）：

A1）以上命令所进行的任务有： clean:clean, resources:resource, compiler:compile；

A2）clean 告诉 maven 清理输出目录 target/；compile 编译项目主代码；resources:resources 任务（未定义项目资源，略过）；

【3】编写测试代码（测试用例）

1）HelloTest.java 源码如下：

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1. package com.maven.chapter3.service;  
2.   
3. import static org.junit.Assert.*;  
4.   
5. import org.junit.Test;  
6.   
7. public class HelloTest {  
8.       
9.     @Test  
10.     public void testSayHello() {  
11.         Hello hello = new Hello();  
12.           
13.         String result = hello.sayHello();  
14.         assertEquals("hello maven.", result);  
15.     }  
16. }  

package com.maven.chapter3.service;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;

public class HelloTest {
	
	@Test
	public void testSayHello() {
		Hello hello = new Hello();
		
		String result = hello.sayHello();
		assertEquals("hello maven.", result);
	}
}

2）关于测试代码有两点注意（Attention）：

A1）在 大多数case下：应该把测试代码放到 src/test/java 目录下；maven 会自动搜寻该目录找到项目测试代码；

A2）测试代码需要依赖 Junit，添加对JUnit的依赖，pom.xml文件如下：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
5.                             http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
6.   
7.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
8.     <groupId>com.maven.chapter3</groupId>  
9.     <artifactId>service</artifactId>  
10.     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  
11.     <name>service says hello maven.</name>  
12.     <dependencies>  
13.         <dependency>  
14.             <groupId>junit</groupId>  
15.             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
16.             <version>4.7</version>  
17.             <scope>test</scope>  
18.         </dependency>  
19.     </dependencies>  
20. </project>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
							http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.maven.chapter3</groupId>
	<artifactId>service</artifactId>
	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>service says hello maven.</name>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.7</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

对以上代码的分析（Analysis）： 

A1）以上xml文件有 scope元素，scope表示依赖范围；

A2）依赖范围scope==test：则表明该依赖只对测试有效；换句话说，测试代码中 import JUnit 代码是没有问题的，但如果在主代码中 import JUnit，就会造成编译错误；

A3）依赖范围（default）scope==compile：如果不声明依赖访问，默认是compile，这样表示该依赖对主代码和测试代码都有效；

3）调用maven执行测试（mvn clean test）

【4】打包和运行

1）intro： 简单地执行命令 mvn clean package 进行打包；

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1. D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>mvn clean package  
2. [INFO] Scanning for projects...  
3. [INFO]  
4. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
5. [INFO] Building service says hello maven. 1.0-SNAPSHOT  
6. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
7. [INFO]  
8. [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ service --- // clean task.  
9. [INFO] Deleting D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target  
10. [INFO]  
11. [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ service --- // resources task.  
12. [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
13. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\main\resources  
14. [INFO]  
15. [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ service --- // compile task.  
16. [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!  
17. [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
18. [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\classes  
19. [INFO]  
20. [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ service --- // testResources task.  
21. [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
22. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\test\resources  
23. [INFO]  
24. [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ service --- // testCompile task.  
25. [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!  
26. [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
27. [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\test-classes  
28. [INFO]  
29. [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ service --- // test task.  
30. [INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\surefire-reports  
31.   
32. -------------------------------------------------------  
33.  T E S T S  
34. -------------------------------------------------------  
35. Running com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest  
36. Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.055 sec  
37.   
38. Results :  
39.   
40. Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0  
41.   
42. [INFO]  
43. [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ service ---  
44. [INFO] Building jar: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  // jar task 负责打包.  
45. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------   
46. [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS // 构建成功.  
47. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
48. [INFO] Total time: 3.599 s  
49. [INFO] Finished at: 2016-06-16T22:18:46+08:00  
50. [INFO] Final Memory: 17M/168M  
51. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  

D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>mvn clean package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building service says hello maven. 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ service --- // clean task.
[INFO] Deleting D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ service --- // resources task.
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ service --- // compile task.
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ service --- // testResources task.
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ service --- // testCompile task.
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ service --- // test task.
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.055 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ service ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  // jar task 负责打包.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS // 构建成功.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.599 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-06-16T22:18:46+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/168M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2）如何才能让其他项目直接引用这个 jar呢？ 执行mvn clean install 安装 jar 到本地仓库；

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1. D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>mvn clean install  
2. [INFO] Scanning for projects...  
3. [INFO]  
4. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
5. [INFO] Building service says hello maven. 1.0-SNAPSHOT  
6. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
7. [INFO]  
8. [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ service ---  
9. [INFO] Deleting D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target  
10. [INFO]  
11. [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ service ---  
12. [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
13. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\main\resources  
14. [INFO]  
15. [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ service ---  
16. [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!  
17. [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
18. [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\classes  
19. [INFO]  
20. [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ service ---  
21. [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
22. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\test\resources  
23. [INFO]  
24. [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ service ---  
25. [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!  
26. [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
27. [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\test-classes  
28. [INFO]  
29. [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ service ---  
30. [INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\surefire-reports  
31.   
32. -------------------------------------------------------  
33.  T E S T S  
34. -------------------------------------------------------  
35. Running com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest  
36. Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.051 sec  
37.   
38. Results :  
39.   
40. Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0  
41.   
42. [INFO]  
43. [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ service ---  
44. [INFO] Building jar: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
45. [INFO]  
46. [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ service ---  
47. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.pom  
48. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.pom (3 KB at 1.3 KB/sec)  
49. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.pom  
50. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.pom (2 KB at 2.5 KB/sec)  
51. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.7/plexus-components-1.1.7.pom  
52. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.7/plexus-components-1.1.7.pom (5 KB at 10.  
53. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.jar  
54. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.jar  
55. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.jar (12 KB at 13.7 KB/sec)  
56. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.jar (226 KB at 189.1 KB/se  
57. [INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\  
58. ven\chapter3\service\1.0-SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
59. [INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\pom.xml to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\repository\com\maven\cha  
60. -SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom  
61. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
62. [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS  
63. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
64. [INFO] Total time: 7.750 s  
65. [INFO] Finished at: 2016-06-16T22:24:09+08:00  
66. [INFO] Final Memory: 19M/165M  
67. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  

D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>mvn clean install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building service says hello maven. 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ service ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ service ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ service ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ service ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ service ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ service ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.051 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ service ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ service ---
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.pom (3 KB at 1.3 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.pom (2 KB at 2.5 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.7/plexus-components-1.1.7.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.7/plexus-components-1.1.7.pom (5 KB at 10.
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.jar
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-digest/1.0/plexus-digest-1.0.jar (12 KB at 13.7 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.5/plexus-utils-3.0.5.jar (226 KB at 189.1 KB/se
[INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\
ven\chapter3\service\1.0-SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\pom.xml to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\repository\com\maven\cha
-SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.750 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-06-16T22:24:09+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/165M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

3）对执行命令的分析：

A1）maven的命令列表有：mvn clean compile, mvn clean test, mvn clean install；

A2）命令执行顺序：　执行test之前要先执行 compile，执行package 之前要执行test，执行install 之前要执行packge；所以如果 键入 mvn clean install ，则执行顺序是 compile->test->package->install ；

4） 生成可执行的jar 文件，

4.1）默认情况下：打包生成的 jar 是不能够直接运行的，因为带有main 方法的类信息不回添加到 manifest中；

4.2）生成可执行的jar 文件： 需要借助maven-shade-plugin，配置该插件如下；

[html] view plain copy

print ?

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
5.                             http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
6.   
7.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
8.     <groupId>com.maven.chapter3</groupId>  
9.     <artifactId>service</artifactId>  
10.     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  
11.     <name>service says hello maven.</name>  
12.     <dependencies>  
13.         <dependency>  
14.             <groupId>junit</groupId>  
15.             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
16.             <version>4.7</version>  
17.             <scope>test</scope>  
18.         </dependency>  
19.     </dependencies>  
20.     <build>  
21.         <plugins> <!-- maven-shade-plugin configuration -->  
22.           <plugin>  
23.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
24.             <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
25.             <configuration>  
26.               <source>1.5</source>  
27.               <target>1.5</target>  
28.             </configuration>  
29.           </plugin>  
30.           <plugin>  
31.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
32.             <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>  
33.             <version>1.2.1</version>  
34.             <executions>  
35.               <execution>  
36.                 <phase>package</phase>  
37.                 <goals>  
38.                   <goal>shade</goal>  
39.                 </goals>  
40.                 <configuration>  
41.                   <transformers>  
42.                     <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">  
43.                       <mainClass>com.maven.chapter3.service.Hello</mainClass>  
44.                     </transformer>  
45.                   </transformers>  
46.                 </configuration>  
47.               </execution>  
48.             </executions>  
49.           </plugin>  
50.         </plugins>  
51.   </build>  
52. </project>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
							http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.maven.chapter3</groupId>
	<artifactId>service</artifactId>
	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>service says hello maven.</name>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.7</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
	    <plugins> <!-- maven-shade-plugin configuration -->
	  	  <plugin>
	  	    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
	  	    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
	  	    <configuration>
	  	      <source>1.5</source>
	  	      <target>1.5</target>
	  	    </configuration>
	  	  </plugin>
	  	  <plugin>
	  	    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
	  	    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
	  	    <version>1.2.1</version>
	  	    <executions>
	  	      <execution>
	  	        <phase>package</phase>
	  	        <goals>
	  	          <goal>shade</goal>
	  	        </goals>
	  	        <configuration>
	  	          <transformers>
	  	            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
	  	              <mainClass>com.maven.chapter3.service.Hello</mainClass>
	  	            </transformer>
	  	          </transformers>
	  	        </configuration>
	  	      </execution>
	  	    </executions>
	  	  </plugin>
	    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

4.3）执行 mvn clean install 并查看目录树

[cpp] view plain copy

print ?

1. D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>mvn clean install  // 执行 mvn clean install  
2. [INFO] Scanning for projects...  
3. [WARNING]  
4. [WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.maven.chapter3:service:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT  
5. [WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing. @ line 22, column 15  
6. [WARNING]  
7. [WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.  
8. [WARNING]  
9. [WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.  
10. [WARNING]  
11. [INFO]  
12. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
13. [INFO] Building service says hello maven. 1.0-SNAPSHOT  
14. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
15. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.pom  
16. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.pom (6 KB at 3.1 KB/sec)  
17. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/13/maven-plugins-13.pom  
18. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/13/maven-plugins-13.pom (12 KB at 27.3 KB/sec)  
19. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.jar  
20. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.jar (67 KB at 112.0 KB/sec  
21. )  
22. [INFO]  
23. [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ service ---  
24. [INFO] Deleting D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target  
25. [INFO]  
26. [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ service ---  
27. [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
28. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\main\resources  
29. [INFO]  
30. [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ service ---  
31. [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!  
32. [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
33. [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\classes  
34. [INFO]  
35. [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ service ---  
36. [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
37. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\test\resources  
38. [INFO]  
39. [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ service ---  
40. [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!  
41. [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!  
42. [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\test-classes  
43. [INFO]  
44. [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ service ---  
45. [INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\surefire-reports  
46.   
47. -------------------------------------------------------  
48.  T E S T S  
49. -------------------------------------------------------  
50. Running com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest  
51. Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.045 sec  
52.   
53. Results :  
54.   
55. Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0  
56.   
57. [INFO]  
58. [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ service ---  
59. [INFO] Building jar: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
60. [INFO]  
61. [INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:1.2.1:shade (default) @ service ---  
62. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.pom  
63. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.pom (436 B at 1.0 KB/sec)  
64. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.pom  
65. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.pom (425 B at 1.1 KB/sec)  
66. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.pom  
67. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.pom (3 KB at 6.5 KB/sec)  
68. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.5/plexus-utils-1.5.5.jar  
69. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.jar  
70. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.jar  
71. Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.jar  
72. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.jar (32 KB at 72.6 KB/sec)  
73. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.jar (22 KB at 17.1 KB/sec)  
74. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.jar (34 KB at 26.4 KB/sec  
75. )  
76. Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.5/plexus-utils-1.5.5.jar (246 KB at 73.4 KB/sec)  
77. [INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.  
78. [INFO] Replacing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in  
79. _action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar  
80. [INFO]  
81. [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ service ---  
82. [INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\repository\com\ma  
83. ven\chapter3\service\1.0-SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
84. [INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\pom.xml to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\repository\com\maven\chapter3\service\1.0  
85. -SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom  
86. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
87. [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS  
88. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
89. [INFO] Total time: 11.789 s  
90. [INFO] Finished at: 2016-06-17T08:51:15+08:00  
91. [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/172M  
92. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  
93.   
94. D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>tree /f  // 查看目录树.  
95. 卷 软件 的文件夹 PATH 列表  
96. 卷序列号为 0006-7799  
97. D:.  
98. │  filelist.txt  
99. │  pom.xml  
100. │  pom.xml.bak  
101. │  
102. ├─src  
103. │  ├─main  
104. │  │  └─java  
105. │  │      └─com  
106. │  │          └─maven  
107. │  │              └─chapter3  
108. │  │                  └─service  
109. │  │                          Hello.java  
110. │  │  
111. │  └─test  
112. │      └─java  
113. │          └─com  
114. │              └─maven  
115. │                  └─chapter3  
116. │                      └─service  
117. │                              HelloTest.java  
118. │  
119. └─target  
120.     │  original-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
121.     │  service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
122.     │  
123.     ├─classes  
124.     │  └─com  
125.     │      └─maven  
126.     │          └─chapter3  
127.     │              └─service  
128.     │                      Hello.class  
129.     │  
130.     ├─maven-archiver  
131.     │      pom.properties  
132.     │  
133.     ├─maven-status  
134.     │  └─maven-compiler-plugin  
135.     │      ├─compile  
136.     │      │  └─default-compile  
137.     │      │          createdFiles.lst  
138.     │      │          inputFiles.lst  
139.     │      │  
140.     │      └─testCompile  
141.     │          └─default-testCompile  
142.     │                  createdFiles.lst  
143.     │                  inputFiles.lst  
144.     │  
145.     ├─surefire-reports  
146.     │      com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest.txt  
147.     │      TEST-com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest.xml  
148.     │  
149.     └─test-classes  
150.         └─com  
151.             └─maven  
152.                 └─chapter3  
153.                     └─service  
154.                             HelloTest.class  

D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>mvn clean install  // 执行 mvn clean install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING]
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.maven.chapter3:service:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing. @ line 22, column 15
[WARNING]
[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[WARNING]
[WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[WARNING]
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building service says hello maven. 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.pom (6 KB at 3.1 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/13/maven-plugins-13.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/13/maven-plugins-13.pom (12 KB at 27.3 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.jar
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.jar (67 KB at 112.0 KB/sec
)
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ service ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ service ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ service ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ service ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ service ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ service ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.045 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ service ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:1.2.1:shade (default) @ service ---
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.pom (436 B at 1.0 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.pom (425 B at 1.1 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.pom
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.pom (3 KB at 6.5 KB/sec)
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.5/plexus-utils-1.5.5.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.jar
Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.jar
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.jar (32 KB at 72.6 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.jar (22 KB at 17.1 KB/sec)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.jar (34 KB at 26.4 KB/sec
)
Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.5/plexus-utils-1.5.5.jar (246 KB at 73.4 KB/sec)
[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
[INFO] Replacing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in
_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ service ---
[INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\repository\com\ma
ven\chapter3\service\1.0-SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3\pom.xml to C:\Users\lenovo\.m2\repository\com\maven\chapter3\service\1.0
-SNAPSHOT\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 11.789 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-06-17T08:51:15+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/172M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>tree /f  // 查看目录树.
卷 软件 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 0006-7799
D:.
│  filelist.txt
│  pom.xml
│  pom.xml.bak
│
├─src
│  ├─main
│  │  └─java
│  │      └─com
│  │          └─maven
│  │              └─chapter3
│  │                  └─service
│  │                          Hello.java
│  │
│  └─test
│      └─java
│          └─com
│              └─maven
│                  └─chapter3
│                      └─service
│                              HelloTest.java
│
└─target
    │  original-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
    │  service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
    │
    ├─classes
    │  └─com
    │      └─maven
    │          └─chapter3
    │              └─service
    │                      Hello.class
    │
    ├─maven-archiver
    │      pom.properties
    │
    ├─maven-status
    │  └─maven-compiler-plugin
    │      ├─compile
    │      │  └─default-compile
    │      │          createdFiles.lst
    │      │          inputFiles.lst
    │      │
    │      └─testCompile
    │          └─default-testCompile
    │                  createdFiles.lst
    │                  inputFiles.lst
    │
    ├─surefire-reports
    │      com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest.txt
    │      TEST-com.maven.chapter3.service.HelloTest.xml
    │
    └─test-classes
        └─com
            └─maven
                └─chapter3
                    └─service
                            HelloTest.class

对以上目录的分析（Analysis）：

A1）打开target，可以看到 有两个jar 文件 original-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 和  service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar；前者是原始的jar， 后者是带有 Main-class 信息的可运行jar；

A2）打开可运行jar（service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar） 的 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF，可以看到如下信息：

[cpp] view plain copy

print ?

1. Manifest-Version: 1.0  
2. Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver  
3. Built-By: lenovo  
4. Created-By: Apache Maven 3.3.9  
5. Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_60  
6. Main-Class: com.maven.chapter3.service.Hello  // highlight line.  

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver
Built-By: lenovo
Created-By: Apache Maven 3.3.9
Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_60
Main-Class: com.maven.chapter3.service.Hello  // highlight line.

4.4）执行 service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  文件

[cpp] view plain copy

print ?

1. D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>java -jar target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
2. hello maven. // 执行结果.   

D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\chapter3>java -jar target\service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
hello maven. // 执行结果. 

【5】使用 Archetype 生成项目骨架

0）intro to Archetype（骨架）：我们把maven基本的目录结构和 pom.xml 文件内容（见上述目录树） 称为项目的骨架； （干货——引入骨架）

1）problem + solution

1.1）problem：后续的项目需要用到 Hello 项目，不可能每次都重复上述steps 来构建 Hello 项目；

1.2）solution：使用 maven archetype 来创建该项目的骨架，以便于后续项目引用；

2）生成项目骨架命令：mvn archetype:generate，该命令实际上是运行插件 maven-archetype-plugin；

3）看个荔枝： 为 Hello 项目生成骨架

step1）输入 mvn archetype:generate 生成骨架

step2）骨架生成后的文件树

[cpp] view plain copy

print ?

1. D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\archetype_test>tree /f  
2. 卷 软件 的文件夹 PATH 列表  
3. 卷序列号为 0006-7799  
4. D:.  
5. └─service  
6.     │  pom.xml  
7.     │  
8.     └─src  
9.         ├─main  
10.         │  └─java  
11.         │      └─com  
12.         │          └─maven  
13.         │              └─chapter3  
14.         │                  └─service  
15.         │                          App.java  
16.         │  
17.         └─test  
18.             └─java  
19.                 └─com  
20.                     └─maven  
21.                         └─chapter3  
22.                             └─service  
23.                                     AppTest.java  

D:\classical_books\java_set\maven_in_action\mycode\archetype_test>tree /f
卷 软件 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 0006-7799
D:.
└─service
    │  pom.xml
    │
    └─src
        ├─main
        │  └─java
        │      └─com
        │          └─maven
        │              └─chapter3
        │                  └─service
        │                          App.java
        │
        └─test
            └─java
                └─com
                    └─maven
                        └─chapter3
                            └─service
                                    AppTest.java

Attention）

A1）要将某项目生成骨架，这之前要安装该项目到本地仓库；

A2）退出当前项目文件，即建立一个空文件夹，然后再进入到该空文件夹 生成骨架（mvn archetype:generate）

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