Opencv教程(Python)

目录

1、显示图片、视频、电脑摄像头

2、图片处理

3、画框文字

4、图像扭曲 

5、图像拼接

6、颜色提取 

7、图像画框 

8、人脸识别 

 9、小例子

例子1:VR画笔

例子2:文档校正

例子3:车牌识别


1、显示图片、视频、电脑摄像头

  • 显示图片
import cv2
#LOAD AN IMAGE USING 'IMREAD'
img = cv2.imread("Resources/lena.png")
# # DISPLAY
cv2.imshow("Lena Soderberg",img)
#图像显示时间
cv2.waitKey(0)
  • 显示视频 
import cv2
frameWidth = 640
frameHeight = 480
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Resources/test_ video.mp4")
while True:
     success, img = cap.read()
     img = cv2.resize(img, (frameWidth, frameHeight))
     cv2.imshow("Result", img)
     if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
  • 显示摄像头 
import cv2
frameWidth = 640
frameHeight = 480
#0 默认的是电脑自带的摄像头
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
#cap.set函数中的3为帧的宽度、4为高度、10为亮度
cap.set(3, frameWidth)
cap.set(4, frameHeight)
cap.set(10,150)
while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    cv2.imshow("Result", img)
#按下q键后break
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

2、图片处理

  • 灰度图、模糊图片、提取边缘、边缘膨胀、边缘细化
import cv2
import numpy as np
# kernel:卷积核,一般用一个5行5列的全是1的数组,生成:kernel=np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
# iterations:迭代次数,要进行多少次腐蚀
# iterations默认情况下,迭代次数是1,根据需要可以进行多次腐蚀操作。
img = cv2.imread("Resources/lena.png")
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
# 灰度图、模糊图片、提取边缘、边缘膨胀、边缘细化
imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray,(7,7),0)
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(img,150,200)
imgDialation = cv2.dilate(imgCanny,kernel,iterations=1)
imgEroded = cv2.erode(imgDialation,kernel,iterations=1)

cv2.imshow("Gray Image",imgGray)
cv2.imshow("Blur Image",imgBlur)
cv2.imshow("Canny Image",imgCanny)
cv2.imshow("Dialation Image",imgDialation)
cv2.imshow("Eroded Image",imgEroded)
cv2.waitKey(0)
  • 缩放、裁剪 
import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread("Resources/shapes.png")
print(img.shape)
# 缩放
imgResize = cv2.resize(img,(1000,500))
print(imgResize.shape)
# 裁剪
imgCropped = img[46:119,352:495]

cv2.imshow("Image",img)
#cv2.imshow("Image Resize",imgResize)
cv2.imshow("Image Cropped",imgCropped)

cv2.waitKey(0)

3、画框文字

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = np.zeros((512,512,3),np.uint8)
#print(img)
#img[:]= 255,0,0

cv2.line(img,(0,0),(img.shape[1],img.shape[0]),(0,255,0),3)
cv2.rectangle(img,(0,0),(250,350),(0,0,255),2)
cv2.circle(img,(400,50),30,(255,255,0),5)
cv2.putText(img," OPENCV  ",(300,200),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX,1,(0,150,0),3)

cv2.imshow("Image",img)

cv2.waitKey(0)

4、图像扭曲 

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread("Resources/cards.jpg")
width,height = 250,350
pts1 = np.float32([[111,219],[287,188],[154,482],[352,440]])
pts2 = np.float32([[0,0],[width,0],[0,height],[width,height]])
matrix = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(pts1,pts2)
imgOutput = cv2.warpPerspective(img,matrix,(width,height))

cv2.imshow("Image",img)
cv2.imshow("Output",imgOutput)

cv2.waitKey(0)

5、图像拼接

import cv2
import numpy as np

#图片堆栈
def stackImages(scale,imgArray):
    rows = len(imgArray)
    cols = len(imgArray[0])
    rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
    width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
    height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
    if rowsAvailable:
        for x in range ( 0, rows):
            for y in range(0, cols):
                if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape [:2]:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
                else:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
                if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y]= cv2.cvtColor( imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        hor = [imageBlank]*rows
        hor_con = [imageBlank]*rows
        for x in range(0, rows):
            hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
        ver = np.vstack(hor)
    else:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
            else:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None,scale, scale)
            if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        hor= np.hstack(imgArray)
        ver = hor
    return ver

img = cv2.imread('Resources/lena.png')
imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

imgStack = stackImages(0.5,([img,imgGray,img],[img,img,img]))
#纵向拼接
# imgHor = np.hstack((img,img))
#横向拼接
# imgVer = np.vstack((img,img))
# cv2.imshow("Horizontal",imgHor)
# cv2.imshow("Vertical",imgVer)
cv2.imshow("ImageStack",imgStack)

cv2.waitKey(0)

6、颜色提取 

import cv2
import numpy as np

def empty(a):
    pass

def stackImages(scale,imgArray):
    rows = len(imgArray)
    cols = len(imgArray[0])
    rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
    width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
    height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
    if rowsAvailable:
        for x in range ( 0, rows):
            for y in range(0, cols):
                if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape [:2]:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
                else:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
                if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y]= cv2.cvtColor( imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        hor = [imageBlank]*rows
        hor_con = [imageBlank]*rows
        for x in range(0, rows):
            hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
        ver = np.vstack(hor)
    else:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
            else:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None,scale, scale)
            if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        hor= np.hstack(imgArray)
        ver = hor
    return ver



path = 'Resources/lambo.png'
cv2.namedWindow("TrackBars")
cv2.resizeWindow("TrackBars",640,240)
cv2.createTrackbar("Hue Min","TrackBars",0,179,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Hue Max","TrackBars",19,179,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Sat Min","TrackBars",110,255,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Sat Max","TrackBars",240,255,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Val Min","TrackBars",153,255,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Val Max","TrackBars",255,255,empty)

while True:
    img = cv2.imread(path)
    imgHSV = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
    h_min = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Hue Min","TrackBars")
    h_max = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Hue Max", "TrackBars")
    s_min = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Sat Min", "TrackBars")
    s_max = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Sat Max", "TrackBars")
    v_min = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Val Min", "TrackBars")
    v_max = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Val Max", "TrackBars")
    print(h_min,h_max,s_min,s_max,v_min,v_max)
    lower = np.array([h_min,s_min,v_min])
    upper = np.array([h_max,s_max,v_max])
    mask = cv2.inRange(imgHSV,lower,upper)
    imgResult = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask=mask)


    # cv2.imshow("Original",img)
    # cv2.imshow("HSV",imgHSV)
    # cv2.imshow("Mask", mask)
    # cv2.imshow("Result", imgResult)

    imgStack = stackImages(0.6,([img,imgHSV],[mask,imgResult]))
    cv2.imshow("Stacked Images", imgStack)

    cv2.waitKey(1)

7、图像画框 

import cv2
import numpy as np

def stackImages(scale,imgArray):
    rows = len(imgArray)
    cols = len(imgArray[0])
    rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
    width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
    height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
    if rowsAvailable:
        for x in range ( 0, rows):
            for y in range(0, cols):
                if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape [:2]:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
                else:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
                if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y]= cv2.cvtColor( imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        hor = [imageBlank]*rows
        hor_con = [imageBlank]*rows
        for x in range(0, rows):
            hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
        ver = np.vstack(hor)
    else:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
            else:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None,scale, scale)
            if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        hor= np.hstack(imgArray)
        ver = hor
    return ver

def getContours(img):
    contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
    for cnt in contours:
        area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
        print(area)
        if area>500:
            cv2.drawContours(imgContour, cnt, -1, (255, 0, 0), 3)
            peri = cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)
            #print(peri)
            approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,0.02*peri,True)
            print(len(approx))
            objCor = len(approx)
            x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(approx)

            if objCor ==3: objectType ="Tri"
            elif objCor == 4:
                aspRatio = w/float(h)
                if aspRatio >0.98 and aspRatio <1.03: objectType= "Square"
                else:objectType="Rectangle"
            elif objCor>4: objectType= "Circles"
            else:objectType="None"



            cv2.rectangle(imgContour,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(0,255,0),2)
            cv2.putText(imgContour,objectType,
                        (x+(w//2)-10,y+(h//2)-10),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX,0.7,
                        (0,0,0),2)




path = 'Resources/shapes.png'
img = cv2.imread(path)
imgContour = img.copy()

imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray,(7,7),1)
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(imgBlur,50,50)
getContours(imgCanny)

imgBlank = np.zeros_like(img)
imgStack = stackImages(0.8,([img,imgGray,imgBlur],
                            [imgCanny,imgContour,imgBlank]))

cv2.imshow("Stack", imgStack)

cv2.waitKey(0)

8、人脸识别 

import cv2

faceCascade= cv2.CascadeClassifier("Resources/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")
img = cv2.imread('Resources/lena.png')
imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

faces = faceCascade.detectMultiScale(imgGray,1.1,4)

for (x,y,w,h) in faces:
    cv2.rectangle(img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),2)


cv2.imshow("Result", img)
cv2.waitKey(0)

 9、小例子

例子1:VR画笔

import cv2
import numpy as np
#####################################################################
frameWidth = 640
frameHeight = 480
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(1)
cap.set(3, frameWidth)
cap.set(4, frameHeight)
cap.set(10,150)

myColors = [[5,107,0,19,255,255],
            [133,56,0,159,156,255],
            [57,76,0,100,255,255],
            [90,48,0,118,255,255]]
myColorValues = [[51,153,255],          ## BGR
                 [255,0,255],
                 [0,255,0],
                 [255,0,0]]
myColorValues = [[51,153,255],          ## BGR
                 [255,0,255],
                 [0,255,0],
                 [255,0,0]]

myPoints =  []  ## [x , y , colorId ]
######################################################################
def findColor(img,myColors,myColorValues):
    imgHSV = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
    count = 0
    newPoints=[]
    for color in myColors:
        lower = np.array(color[0:3])
        upper = np.array(color[3:6])
        mask = cv2.inRange(imgHSV,lower,upper)
        x,y=getContours(mask)
        cv2.circle(imgResult,(x,y),15,myColorValues[count],cv2.FILLED)
        if x!=0 and y!=0:
            newPoints.append([x,y,count])
        count +=1
        #cv2.imshow(str(color[0]),mask)
    return newPoints

def getContours(img):
    contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
    x,y,w,h = 0,0,0,0
    for cnt in contours:
        area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
        if area>500:
            #cv2.drawContours(imgResult, cnt, -1, (255, 0, 0), 3)
            peri = cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)
            approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,0.02*peri,True)
            x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(approx)
    return x+w//2,y

def drawOnCanvas(myPoints,myColorValues):
    for point in myPoints:
        cv2.circle(imgResult, (point[0], point[1]), 10, myColorValues[point[2]], cv2.FILLED)


while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    imgResult = img.copy()
    newPoints = findColor(img, myColors,myColorValues)
    if len(newPoints)!=0:
        for newP in newPoints:
            myPoints.append(newP)
    if len(myPoints)!=0:
        drawOnCanvas(myPoints,myColorValues)


    cv2.imshow("Result", imgResult)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

例子2:文档校正

import cv2
import numpy as np


###################################
widthImg=540
heightImg =640
#####################################

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(1)
cap.set(10,150)


def preProcessing(img):
    imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray,(5,5),1)
    imgCanny = cv2.Canny(imgBlur,200,200)
    kernel = np.ones((5,5))
    imgDial = cv2.dilate(imgCanny,kernel,iterations=2)
    imgThres = cv2.erode(imgDial,kernel,iterations=1)
    return imgThres

def getContours(img):
    biggest = np.array([])
    maxArea = 0
    contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
    for cnt in contours:
        area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
        if area>5000:
            #cv2.drawContours(imgContour, cnt, -1, (255, 0, 0), 3)
            peri = cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)
            approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,0.02*peri,True)
            if area >maxArea and len(approx) == 4:
                biggest = approx
                maxArea = area
    cv2.drawContours(imgContour, biggest, -1, (255, 0, 0), 20)
    return biggest

def reorder (myPoints):
    myPoints = myPoints.reshape((4,2))
    myPointsNew = np.zeros((4,1,2),np.int32)
    add = myPoints.sum(1)
    #print("add", add)
    myPointsNew[0] = myPoints[np.argmin(add)]
    myPointsNew[3] = myPoints[np.argmax(add)]
    diff = np.diff(myPoints,axis=1)
    myPointsNew[1]= myPoints[np.argmin(diff)]
    myPointsNew[2] = myPoints[np.argmax(diff)]
    #print("NewPoints",myPointsNew)
    return myPointsNew

def getWarp(img,biggest):
    biggest = reorder(biggest)
    pts1 = np.float32(biggest)
    pts2 = np.float32([[0, 0], [widthImg, 0], [0, heightImg], [widthImg, heightImg]])
    matrix = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(pts1, pts2)
    imgOutput = cv2.warpPerspective(img, matrix, (widthImg, heightImg))

    imgCropped = imgOutput[20:imgOutput.shape[0]-20,20:imgOutput.shape[1]-20]
    imgCropped = cv2.resize(imgCropped,(widthImg,heightImg))

    return imgCropped


def stackImages(scale,imgArray):
    rows = len(imgArray)
    cols = len(imgArray[0])
    rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
    width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
    height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
    if rowsAvailable:
        for x in range ( 0, rows):
            for y in range(0, cols):
                if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape [:2]:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
                else:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
                if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y]= cv2.cvtColor( imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        hor = [imageBlank]*rows
        hor_con = [imageBlank]*rows
        for x in range(0, rows):
            hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
        ver = np.vstack(hor)
    else:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
            else:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None,scale, scale)
            if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        hor= np.hstack(imgArray)
        ver = hor
    return ver

while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    img = cv2.resize(img,(widthImg,heightImg))
    imgContour = img.copy()

    imgThres = preProcessing(img)
    biggest = getContours(imgThres)
    if biggest.size !=0:
        imgWarped=getWarp(img,biggest)
        # imageArray = ([img,imgThres],
        #           [imgContour,imgWarped])
        imageArray = ([imgContour, imgWarped])
        cv2.imshow("ImageWarped", imgWarped)
    else:
        # imageArray = ([img, imgThres],
        #               [img, img])
        imageArray = ([imgContour, img])

    stackedImages = stackImages(0.6,imageArray)
    cv2.imshow("WorkFlow", stackedImages)

    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

例子3:车牌识别

import cv2

#############################################
frameWidth = 640
frameHeight = 480
nPlateCascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("Resources/haarcascade_russian_plate_number.xml")
minArea = 200
color = (255,0,255)
###############################################
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Resources/video12.mp4")
cap.set(3, frameWidth)
cap.set(4, frameHeight)
cap.set(10,150)
count = 0

while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    numberPlates = nPlateCascade.detectMultiScale(imgGray, 1.1, 10)
    for (x, y, w, h) in numberPlates:
        area = w*h
        if area >minArea:
            cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 255), 2)
            cv2.putText(img,"Number Plate",(x,y-5),
                        cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX_SMALL,1,color,2)
            imgRoi = img[y:y+h,x:x+w]
            cv2.imshow("ROI", imgRoi)

    cv2.imshow("Result", img)

    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('s'):
        cv2.imwrite("Resources/Scanned/NoPlate_"+str(count)+".jpg",imgRoi)
        cv2.rectangle(img,(0,200),(640,300),(0,255,0),cv2.FILLED)
        cv2.putText(img,"Scan Saved",(150,265),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX,
                    2,(0,0,255),2)
        cv2.imshow("Result",img)
        cv2.waitKey(500)
        count +=1

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