Java 中使用 HttpClient 发送 get、post 请求的方法

之前写 python 的时候，用 requests 发送 http 请求时超级方便的。可是现在开始写 java 以后，第一次遇到需要发送 http 请求却不知道该咋写了…

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1 Maven 依赖写法

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>

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2 示例代码

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import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  
import java.security.KeyManagementException;  
import java.security.KeyStore;  
import java.security.KeyStoreException;  
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;  
import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;  

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.ParseException;  
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;  
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;  
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;  
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
import org.junit.Test;  

public class HttpClientTest {  

    @Test  
    public void jUnitTest() {  
        get();  
    }  

    /** 
     * HttpClient连接SSL 
     */  
    public void ssl() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;  
        try {  
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());  
            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));  
            try {  
                // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore    
                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());  
            } catch (CertificateException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } finally {  
                try {  
                    instream.close();  
                } catch (Exception ignore) {  
                }  
            }  
            // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书  
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();  
            // 只允许使用TLSv1协议  
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,  
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);  
            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();  
            // 创建http请求(get方式)  
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                    EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            if (httpclient != null) {  
                try {  
                    httpclient.close();  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 
     */  
    public void postForm() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 
     */  
    public void post() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * 发送 get请求 
     */  
    public void get() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            // 创建httpget.    
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());  
            // 执行get请求.    
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                // 获取响应实体    
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                // 打印响应状态    
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    // 打印响应内容长度    
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    // 打印响应内容    
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                }  
                System.out.println("------------------------------------");  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * 上传文件 
     */  
    public void upload() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");  

            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));  
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);  

            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();  

            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  
                if (resEntity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());  
                }  
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}

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3 参考资料

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1、HttpClient使用详解
http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529

2、Apache HttpClient » 4.5.4
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient/4.5.4
https://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/httpclient/dependency-info.html

3、如何在Java中发送HTTP GET/POST请求
https://www.jianshu.com/p/0842b888d94a

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