解决CentOS7种yum源版本过低的问题

最近准备在自己服务器上玩玩docker，把网站都用docker部署下，用ELK技术栈分析一下服务器上的日志。服务器是大学里搭的，版本是CentOS6，这次重装了系统升级到CentOS7，遇到的最头疼的问题就是装软件。因为自己在Mac上有homebrew，装啥软件都很爽，基本上软件都是最新的，但是CentOS非常保守，官方的软件库里软件版本都非常低，yum装了发现很多东西都用不了。比如tmux，官方仓库版本仍然是1.8，已经不支持tmux-plugin的功能了。所以这篇文章记录一下自己解决这个问题的过程。

CentOS7配置官方软件仓库(yum软件源)

yum安装软件时，下载速度都非常慢，因为CentOS-Base.repo文件的baseurl连接的都是mirror.centos.org国外服务器。这个我不用担心了，因为云服务器(我用的是腾讯云)在重装系统时已经修改了yum软件源的连接。

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[root@VM-235-40-centos ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Epel.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo [root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# head CentOS-Base.repo [extras] gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 enabled=1 baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ name=Qcloud centos extras - $basearch [os] gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 enabled=1 [root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# head CentOS-Epel.repo [epel] name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch failovermethod=priority gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 enabled=1 baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/ [root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# head CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo [centos-kernel] name=CentOS LTS Kernels for $basearch mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=kernel&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/altarch/7/kernel/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [centos-kernel-experimental] name=CentOS Experimental Kernels for $basearch

但是软件版本非常低

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[root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# yum search tmux 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile =================================================== N/S matched: tmux ================================================================ tmux-top.x86_64 : Monitoring information for your tmux status line. tmux-top-devel.x86_64 : Monitoring information for your tmux status line. tmux.x86_64 : A terminal multiplexer xpanes.noarch : Awesome tmux-based terminal divider 名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。 [root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# yum info tmux.x86_64 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 可安装的软件包 名称 ：tmux 架构 ：x86_64 版本 ：1.8 发布 ：4.el7 大小 ：243 k 源 ：os/7/x86_64 简介 ： A terminal multiplexer 网址 ：http://sourceforge.net/projects/tmux 协议 ： ISC and BSD 描述 ： tmux is a "terminal multiplexer." It enables a number of terminals (or : windows) to be accessed and controlled from a single terminal. tmux is : intended to be a simple, modern, BSD-licensed alternative to programs such : as GNU Screen.

国内的清华软件源、阿里软件源、腾讯软件源中也提供了centos、epel，都只是加快了国内的访问速度，并没有解决软件包少的问题。

第三方软件仓库

最后在CentOS官网终于找到一个解决方案：https://wiki.centos.org/AdditionalResources/Repositories

CentOS列出了可用的软件源以及第三方软件仓库，除了epel外还有ELRepo、ius等十来个社区软件仓库。看了一下ius是最活跃的(官网颜值最高)，而且清华、阿里、腾讯都有ius的镜像同步。

根据ius提供的安装文档，将rpm包替换成腾讯镜像

1	yum install https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ius/ius-release-el7.rpm

然后再重新搜索一下tmux的软件

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[root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# yum search tmux 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile ius | 1.3 kB 00:00:00 ius/x86_64/primary | 104 kB 00:00:01 ius 460/460 ============================================================= N/S matched: tmux ================================================================= tmux-top.x86_64 : Monitoring information for your tmux status line. tmux-top-devel.x86_64 : Monitoring information for your tmux status line. tmux.x86_64 : A terminal multiplexer tmux2.x86_64 : A terminal multiplexer xpanes.noarch : Awesome tmux-based terminal divider 名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。 [root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# yum info tmux2.x86_64 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 可安装的软件包 名称 ：tmux2 架构 ：x86_64 版本 ：2.9a 发布 ：2.el7.ius 大小 ：329 k 源 ：ius/x86_64 简介 ： A terminal multiplexer 网址 ：https://tmux.github.io/ 协议 ： ISC and BSD 描述 ： tmux is a "terminal multiplexer." It enables a number of terminals (or : windows) to be accessed and controlled from a single terminal. tmux is : intended to be a simple, modern, BSD-licensed alternative to programs such : as GNU Screen.

可以看到这里有ius发布的tmux2.9的版本，还是相对比较新的一个版本

将ius改为腾讯镜像

上面安装ius软件仓库后，可以看到yum.repos.d目录下已经有几个仓库了

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[root@VM-235-40-centos yum.repos.d]# yum repolist 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 源标识 源名称 状态 epel/7/x86_64 EPEL for redhat/centos 7 - x86_64 13,519 extras/7/x86_64 Qcloud centos extras - x86_64 451 ius/x86_64 IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 460 os/7/x86_64 Qcloud centos os - x86_64 10,072 updates/7/x86_64 Qcloud centos updates - x86_64 1,640 repolist: 26,142

这时候ius.repo还是官方的baseurl，因为我的服务器是腾讯云上的，所以把ius.repo中的baseurl改为腾讯内网

1	vim /etc/yum.repos.d/ius.repo

修改后文件如下：

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[ius] name = IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch baseurl = http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ius/7/$basearch/ enabled = 1 repo_gpgcheck = 0 gpgcheck = 1 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-IUS-7 [ius-debuginfo] name = IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug baseurl = http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ius/7/$basearch/debug/ enabled = 0 repo_gpgcheck = 0 gpgcheck = 1 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-IUS-7 [ius-source] name = IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - Source baseurl = http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ius/7/src/ enabled = 0 repo_gpgcheck = 0 gpgcheck = 1 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-IUS-7

这里http://mirrors.tencentyun.com是内网访问地址

同样的道理安装加速docker的安装

docker官方文档中提到的需要安装docker-ce.repo仓库

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$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils $ sudo yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

同样的道理，为了快速安装docker(我腾讯云服务器的带宽只有1G，所以只能用腾讯云内网镜像来加速了)，需要修改docker-ce.repo的baseurl

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[docker-ce-stable] name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-stable-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/stable enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-stable-source] name=Docker CE Stable - Sources baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/stable enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-test] name=Docker CE Test - $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/test enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-test-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/test enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-test-source] name=Docker CE Test - Sources baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/test enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-nightly] name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/nightly enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/nightly enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-nightly-source] name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/nightly enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

将baseurl替换为腾讯云内网地址http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/docker-ce

接着是安装docker-compose，文档在此: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/ ，这个简单的多，但是有了上面配置的腾讯云镜像，只需一句命令即可：

1	sudo yum install docker-compose.noarch