IOS页面自动布局之NSLaboutConstraint基础

使用AutoLayout之前需要知道以下两点：

1.必须设置 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints为NO。

2.如果是viewControl则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateViewConstraints]中；

如果是view则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateConstraints]中。

一、要讲解的方法:

1 /* Create constraints explicitly. Constraints are of the form “view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant”
2 If your equation does not have a second view and attribute, use nil and NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute.
3 */
4 +(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1
5 attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1
6 relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation
7 toItem:(id)view2
8 attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2
9 multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier
10 constant:(CGFloat)c;

参数说明：

第一个参数 view1: 要设置的视图；

第二个参数 attr1: view1要设置的属性，稍后详解；

第三个参数 relation: 视图view1和view2的指定属性之间的关系，稍后详解；

第四个参数 view2: 参照的视图；

第五个参数 attr2: 参照视图view2的属性，稍后详解；

第六个参数 multiplier: 视图view1的指定属性是参照视图view2制定属性的多少倍；

第七个参数 c: 视图view1的指定属性需要加的浮点数。

根据参数的讲解，得出计算公式如下：

view1.attr1 [= , >= , <=] view2.attr2 * multiplier + c;

参数详解：

1、NSLayoutAttribute

1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {
2 NSLayoutAttributeLeft = 1,
3 NSLayoutAttributeRight,
4 NSLayoutAttributeTop,
5 NSLayoutAttributeBottom,
6 NSLayoutAttributeLeading,
7 NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,
8 NSLayoutAttributeWidth,
9 NSLayoutAttributeHeight,
10 NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,
11 NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,
12 NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
13 NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline = NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
14 NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
15
16
17 NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
18 NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
19 NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
20 NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
21 NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
22 NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
23 NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
24 NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
25
26 NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute = 0
27 };

分三部分解释 NSLayoutAttribute

第一部分：常用的

NSLayoutAttributeLeft: CGRectGetMinX(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeRight: CGRectGetMaxX(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeTop: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeBottom: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeWidth: CGRectGetWidth(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeHeight: CGRectGetHeight(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeCenterX: view.center.x;

NSLayoutAttributeCenterY:view.center.y ;

NSLayoutAttributeBaseline: 文本底标线，在大多数视图中等同于NSLayoutAttributeBottom； 在少数视图，如UILabel，是指字母的底部出现的位置;

NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline: 相当于NSLayoutAttributeBaseline;

NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline: 文本上标线;

NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute: None;

第二部分： 根据国家使用习惯不同表示的意思不同

NSLayoutAttributeLeading: 在习惯由左向右看的地区，相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft；在习惯从右至左看的地区，相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;

NSLayoutAttributeTrailing: 在习惯由左向右看的地区，相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight；在习惯从右至左看的地区，相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;

第三部分：ios8新增属性，各种间距，具体用法下节介绍

NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin，

NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin，

NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin，

NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin，

NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin，

NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin，

NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins，

NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins，

从网上找了一张图，标注以上属性

2、NSLayoutRelation

1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {
2 NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -1,
3 NSLayoutRelationEqual = 0,
4 NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = 1,
5 };
NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual: <=;

NSLayoutRelationEqual: =;

NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual: >=;

二、要讲解的方法

1、获取当前view中所有的 NSLayoutConstraint

1 - (NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);
2、旧版方法，将指定的NSLayoutConstraint添加到页面或者从页面中移除

1 1 - (void)addConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead, set NSLayoutConstraint’s active property to YES.
2 2 - (void)addConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:].
3 3 - (void)removeConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead set NSLayoutConstraint’s active property to NO.
4 4 - (void)removeConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint deactivateConstraints:].

3、ios8新加方法，激活或者停用指定约束

1 /* The receiver may be activated or deactivated by manipulating this property. Only active constraints affect the calculated layout. Attempting to activate a constraint whose items have no common ancestor will cause an exception to be thrown. Defaults to NO for newly created constraints. */
2 @property (getter=isActive) BOOL active NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
3
4 /* Convenience method that activates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=YES. This is often more efficient than activating each constraint individually. */
5 + (void)activateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
6
7 /* Convenience method that deactivates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=NO. This is often more efficient than deactivating each constraint individually. */
8 + (void)deactivateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

三、Coding Time

a> 设置视图view1为 宽度=20的正方形

两种写法，第一种 宽度=20，高度=20

1 [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];
2 [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];

第二种 宽度=20， 高度=宽度

1 [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];
2 [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:1.0 constant:0]];

第二种方法的优势是，如果想修改view1的大小，只需要修改一处。

b>设置视图view1.frame.origin.x = 视图view2.frame.origin.x

NSLayoutConstraint *leftConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0 constant:0]；

//旧版方法
//[self addConstraint:leftConstraint];

//新版方法1
[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[leftConstraint]];
//新版方法2
leftConstraint.active = YES;

非原创