python使用openpyxl操作excel

目录

1 Excel表格

1.1 表格述语

1.2 表格示例

2 python打开及读取表格内容

2.1打开Excel表格并获取表格名称

2.2 通过sheet名称获取表格

2.3 获取表格的尺寸大小(几行几列数据)

2.4 获取表格内某个格子的数据

2.4.1 sheet["A1"]方式

2.4.2 sheet.cell(row=, column=)方式

2.5 获取某个格子的行数、列数、坐标

2.6 获取一系列格子

2.6.1 sheet[]方式

2.6.2 .iter_rows()方式

2.6.3 sheet.rows()

3 python向excel中写入某些内容

3.1 修改表格中的内容

3.1.1 向某个格子中写入内容并保存

3.1.2 .append()：向表格中插入行数据

3.1.3 在 python 中使用 excel 函数公式

3.1.4 .insert_cols()和.insert_rows()：插入空行和空列

3.1.5 .delete_rows()和.delete_cols()：删除行和列

3.1.6 .move_range()：移动格子

3.1.7 .create_sheet()：创建新的 sheet 表格

3.1.8 .remove()：删除某个 sheet 表

3.1.9 .copy_worksheet()：复制一个 sheet 表到另外一张 excel 表

3.1.10 sheet.title：修改 sheet 表的名称

3.1.11 创建新的 excel 表格文件

3.1.12 sheet.freeze_panes：冻结窗口

4 批量调整字体和样式

4.1 修改字体样式

4.2 获取表格中格子的字体样式

4.3 设置对齐样式

4.4 设置边框样式

4.5 设置填充样式

4.6 设置行高和列宽

4.7 合并单元格

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1 Excel表格

1.1 表格述语

1.2 表格示例

2 python打开及读取表格内容

2.1打开Excel表格并获取表格名称

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
print(workbook.sheetnames)

2.2 通过sheet名称获取表格

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook["1班"]
print(sheet)

2.3 获取表格的尺寸大小(几行几列数据)

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook["1班"]
print(sheet.dimensions)

2.4 获取表格内某个格子的数据

2.4.1 sheet["A1"]方式

from openpyxl import load_workbook
""" 
workbook.active 打开激活的表格；
sheet["A1"] 获取 A1 格子的数据；
cell.value 获取格子中的值；
"""
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell1 = sheet["D2"]
cell2 = sheet["A7"]
print(cell1.value, cell2.value)

2.4.2 sheet.cell(row=, column=)方式

from openpyxl import load_workbook

workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell1 = sheet.cell(row = 2,column = 4)
cell2 = sheet.cell(row = 7,column = 1)
print(cell1.value, cell2.value)

2.5 获取某个格子的行数、列数、坐标

from openpyxl import load_workbook
"""
.row 获取某个格子的行数；
.columns 获取某个格子的列数；
.corordinate 获取某个格子的坐标；
"""
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell1 = sheet["D2"]
cell2 = sheet["A7"]
print(cell1.value, cell1.row, cell1.column, cell1.coordinate)
print(cell2.value, cell2.row, cell2.column, cell2.coordinate)

2.6 获取一系列格子

2.6.1 sheet[]方式

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
# 获取 A2:X2 区域的值
cell = sheet["A2:X2"]
print(cell)
for i in cell:
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)

特别地：如果我们只想获取“D列”，或者获取“D-F列”，可以采取如下方式：

# 获取 D 列的数据
print(sheet["D"])
# 获取 D,E,F 三列的数据
print(sheet["D:F"])
# 只获取第 5 行的数据
print(sheet[5])

2.6.2 .iter_rows()方式

有 .iter_rows() 方式，肯定也会有 .iter_cols() 方式，只不过一个是按行读取，一个是按列读取。

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
# 按行获取值
for i in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=3, max_row=5, min_col=4, max_col=7):
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)
# 按列获取值
for i in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=3, max_row=5, min_col=4, max_col=7):
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)

2.6.3 sheet.rows()

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
for i in sheet.rows:
    print(i)

3 python向excel中写入某些内容

3.1 修改表格中的内容

3.1.1 向某个格子中写入内容并保存

"""
注意：我们将“D2”单元格的数据改为了“总成绩”，并另存为了“new_score.xlsx”文件。 如果我们保存的时候，不修改表名，相当于直接修改源文件；
"""
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet["D2"] = "总成绩"     # 或 cell = sheet["D2"] cell.value = "总成绩"
workbook.save(filename = "new_score.xlsx")

3.1.2 .append()：向表格中插入行数据

.append()方式：会在表格已有的数据后面，增添这些数(按行插入)

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
data = [
    ["14770", "张三", "高147班", "320", "70", "688"],
    ["14771", "李四", "高147班", "315", "71", "700"],
    ["14772", "王五", "高147班", "300", "72", "713"],
]
for row in data:
    sheet.append(row)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score1.xlsx")

3.1.3 在 python 中使用 excel 函数公式

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet["C3"] = "高1班"
for i in range(3,53):
    sheet["D{}".format(i)] = '=COUNTIF(D{}:D{}, ">300")'.format(i,i)
    print(sheet["D{}".format(i)])
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score2.xlsx")

当然，我们可以使用如下操作查看一下 python支持的 “excel 函数公式 ”。

from openpyxl.utils import FORMULAE
print(FORMULAE)

3.1.4 .insert_cols()和.insert_rows()：插入空行和空列

.insert_cols(idx= 数字编号 , amount= 要插入的列数 ) ，插入的位置是在 idx 列数的左侧插入；

.insert_rows(idx= 数字编号 , amount= 要插入的行数 ) ，插入的行数是在 idx 行数的下方插入；

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.insert_cols(idx=4,amount=2)
sheet.insert_rows(idx=5,amount=4)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score3.xlsx")

3.1.5 .delete_rows()和.delete_cols()：删除行和列

.delete_rows(idx= 数字编号 , amount= 要删除的行数 )

.delete_cols(idx= 数字编号 , amount= 要删除的列数 )

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
# 删除第2列，第2行
sheet.delete_cols(idx=2)
sheet.delete_rows(idx=2)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score4.xlsx")

3.1.6 .move_range()：移动格子

.move_range("数据区域",rows=,cols=)：正整数为向下或向右、负整数为向左或向上

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
# 向左移动一列，向下移动一行
sheet.move_range("D3:X7",rows=1,cols=-1)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score5.xlsx")

3.1.7 .create_sheet()：创建新的 sheet 表格

.create_sheet("新的 sheet 名")：创建一个新的sheet表

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
print('原：', workbook.sheetnames)
sheet = workbook.active
workbook.create_sheet("4班")
print('现：', workbook.sheetnames)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score6.xlsx")

3.1.8 .remove()：删除某个 sheet 表

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
print('原：', workbook.sheetnames)
sheet = workbook.active
sheet = workbook['3班']
workbook.remove(sheet)
print('现：', workbook.sheetnames)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score6.xlsx")

3.1.9 .copy_worksheet()：复制一个 sheet 表到另外一张 excel 表

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet = workbook['1班']
workbook.copy_worksheet(sheet) 
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score7.xlsx")

 

3.1.10 sheet.title：修改 sheet 表的名称

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.title = "147班"
print(sheet)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score8.xlsx")

3.1.11 创建新的 excel 表格文件

from openpyxl import Workbook
workbook = Workbook() 
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.title = "表格 1"
workbook.save(filename = "新建的 excel 表格")

3.1.12 sheet.freeze_panes：冻结窗口

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.freeze_panes = "B7"
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score9.xlsx")

4 批量调整字体和样式

4.1 修改字体样式

Font(name= 字体名称 ,size= 字体大小 ,bold= 是否加粗 ,italic= 是否斜体 ,color= 字体颜色 )

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"] 
font = Font(name="微软雅黑",size=20,bold=True,italic=True,color="FF0000")
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score11.xlsx")

4.2 获取表格中格子的字体样式

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A2"]
font = cell.font
print(font.name, font.size, font.bold, font.italic, font.color)

4.3 设置对齐样式

Alignment(horizontal= 水平对齐模式 ,vertical= 垂直对齐模式 ,text_rotation= 旋转角度,wrap_text= 是否自动换行 )

水平对齐： ‘distributed' ， ‘justify' ， ‘center' ， ‘leftfill' ， ‘centerContinuous' ， ‘right ，‘general'；

垂直对齐： ‘bottom' ， ‘distributed' ， ‘justify' ， ‘center' ， ‘top' ；

from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"]
alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center",vertical="center",text_rotation=45,wrap_text=True)
cell.alignment = alignment
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score13.xlsx")

4.4 设置边框样式

Side(style= 边线样式， color= 边线颜色 )

Border(left= 左边线样式， right= 右边线样式， top= 上边线样式， bottom= 下边线样式 )

style 参数的种类： 'double, 'mediumDashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'dashDotDot','dotted','hair','mediumDashed, 'dashed', 'dashDot', 'thin', 'mediumDashDot','medium', 'thick'

from openpyxl.styles import Side,Border
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["D6"]
side1 = Side(style="thin",color="FF0000")
side2 = Side(style="thick",color="FFFF0000")
border = Border(left=side1,right=side1,top=side2,bottom=side2)
cell.border = border
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score14.xlsx")

4.5 设置填充样式

PatternFill(fill_type= 填充样式， fgColor= 填充颜色）

GradientFill(stop=( 渐变颜色 1 ，渐变颜色 2……))

from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill,GradientFill
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
cell_b9 = sheet["D3"]
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",fgColor="99ccff")
cell_b9.fill = pattern_fill
cell_b10 = sheet["D5"]
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=("FFFFFF","99ccff","000000"))
cell_b10.fill = gradient_fill
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score15.xlsx")

4.6 设置行高和列宽

.row_dimensions[ 行编号 ].height = 行高

.column_dimensions[ 列编号 ].width = 列宽

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
# 设置第 1 行的高度
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
# 设置 B 列的宽度
sheet.column_dimensions["B"].width = 20
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score16.xlsx")

4.7 合并单元格

.merge_cells( 待合并的格子编号 )

.merge_cells(start_row= 起始行号， start_column= 起始列号， end_row= 结束行号，end_column=结束列号 )

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = 'E:/score.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.merge_cells("A3:B53")
# 或 sheet.merge_cells(start_row=7,start_column=1,end_row=8,end_column=3)
workbook.save(filename = "E:/new_score17.xlsx")