vivado 基于FPGA的dds学习记录

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已于 2022-04-02 20:43:26 修改

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分类专栏： FPGA 文章标签： FPGA Vivado DDS 信号发生器

于 2022-03-28 21:10:40 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/I_LOVE_MCU/article/details/123361682

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这里写自定义目录标题

原理
实现
效果
参考

原理

dds是啥

DDS（Direct Digital Synthesizer）即直接数字式频率合成器，是一种新型的频率合成技术。与传统的频率合成器相比， DDS 具有相对带宽大，频率转换时间短，稳定性好，分辨率高，可灵活产生多种信号等优点。较容易实现频率、相位及幅度的数控调制，因此，在现代电子系统及设备的频率源设计中，尤其在通信领域，直接数字频率合成器的应用越来越广泛。作为设计人员，我们习惯称它为信号发生器，一般用它产生正弦、锯齿、方波等不同波形或不同频率的信号波形。

简单的说，产生频率可调的信号波形。

基本框图

在这里插入图片描述
整个框图看起来很复杂，实际上DDS所做的所用事情，这个框图都非常明确的说明了。
频率字和相位字输入用来控制输出信号的频率和相位。

相位累加器即计数器cnt
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
我的示例查找表地址为11位。

解说

用通俗的语言来说，

首先将波形信号以比较高的频率采集（采样频率大于两倍的最高频率，以保证波形的完整性），保存在rom中。
假设波形的周期为2t，对应频率为f。若是在2t时间内，输出了两个周期的波形，那么频率就变为2f；若是在2t时间内输出了半个周期的波形，那么频率为0.5f。
频率的具体情况又频率频率字决定。若初始情况下频率为10，即每隔10个点取一个数据。若频率字变为20，则每隔20个点取1个数据，输出速度不变，但输出波形的频率变为原来的一倍。同理，若频率字变为5，则输出波形的频率变为原来的一半。

说的可能有点绕口，但道理是这个道理，如有疑问可以在评论区中交流。

实现

HDL

module dds(
    input clk,
    input rst,
    input [31:0]Fword,
    input [10:0]Pword,
    output [7:0]Out
    );
    
    reg [31:0] r_Fword;
    reg [10:0] r_Pword;
    reg [31:0] cnt;
    wire [10:0] addr;

    always @(posedge clk ) begin
        r_Fword = Fword;
        r_Pword = Pword;
    end

    always @(posedge clk or negedge rst) begin
       if(!rst)
            cnt <= 0;
        else
            cnt <= cnt+r_Fword;
    end
    
    assign addr = cnt[31:21]+r_Pword;
    
    blk_mem_gen_0 u_blk_mem_gen_0 (
          .clka     (clk),          // input wire clka
          .ena      (1'b1),         // input wire ena
          .addra    (addr),         // input wire [10 : 0] addra
          .douta    (Out)           // output wire [7 : 0] douta
    );

endmodule

ROM配置

在这里插入图片描述

coe文件

memory_initialization_radix=10;
memory_initialization_vector= 
128,128, 129, 129, 130, 130, 130, 131, 131, 132, 132, 132, 133, 133, 133, 134, 134, 135, 135, 135, 136, 136, 137, 137, 137, 138, 138, 139, 139, 139, 140, 140, 141, 141, 141, 142, 142, 142, 143, 143, 144, 144, 144, 145, 145, 146, 146, 146, 147, 147, 147, 148, 148, 149, 149, 149, 150, 150, 151, 151, 151, 152, 152, 153, 153, 153, 154, 154, 154, 155, 155, 156, 156, 156, 157, 157, 157, 158, 158, 159, 159, 159, 160, 160, 161, 161, 161, 162, 162, 162, 163, 163, 164, 164, 164, 165, 165, 165, 166, 166, 167, 167, 167, 168, 168, 168, 169, 169, 169, 170, 170, 171, 171, 171, 172, 172, 172, 173, 173, 174, 174, 174, 175, 175, 175, 176, 176, 176, 177, 177, 178, 178, 178, 179, 179, 179, 180, 180, 180, 181, 181, 181, 182, 182, 183, 183, 183, 184, 184, 184, 185, 185, 185, 186, 186, 186, 187, 187, 187, 188, 188, 188, 189, 189, 190, 190, 190, 191, 191, 191, 192, 192, 192, 193, 193, 193, 194, 194, 194, 195, 195, 195, 196, 196, 196, 197, 197, 197, 198, 198, 198, 199, 199, 199, 200, 200, 200, 200, 201, 201, 201, 202, 202, 202, 203, 203, 203, 204, 204, 204, 205, 205, 205, 206, 206, 206, 206, 207, 207, 207, 208, 208, 208, 209, 209, 209, 210, 210, 210, 210, 211, 211, 211, 212, 212, 212, 212, 213, 213, 213, 214, 214, 214, 215, 215, 215, 215, 216, 216, 216, 217, 217, 217, 217, 218, 218, 218, 218, 219, 219, 219, 220, 220, 220, 220, 221, 221, 221, 221, 222, 222, 222, 223, 223, 223, 223, 224, 224, 224, 224, 225, 225, 225, 225, 226, 226, 226, 226, 227, 227, 227, 227, 228, 228, 228, 228, 229, 229, 229, 229, 230, 230, 230, 230, 230, 231, 231, 231, 231, 232, 232, 232, 232, 233, 233, 233, 233, 233, 234, 234, 234, 234, 234, 235, 235, 235, 235, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 237, 237, 237, 237, 237, 238, 238, 238, 238, 238, 239, 239, 239, 239, 239, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 244, 244, 244, 244, 244, 244, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 252, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 249, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 248, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 244, 244, 244, 244, 244, 244, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 239, 239, 239, 239, 239, 238, 238, 238, 238, 238, 237, 237, 237, 237, 237, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 235, 235, 235, 235, 235, 234, 234, 234, 234, 234, 233, 233, 233, 233, 232, 232, 232, 232, 231, 231, 231, 231, 231, 230, 230, 230, 230, 229, 229, 229, 229, 228, 228, 228, 228, 227, 227, 227, 227, 226, 226, 226, 226, 225, 225, 225, 225, 224, 224, 224, 224, 223, 223, 223, 223, 222, 222, 222, 222, 221, 221, 221, 221, 220, 220, 220, 219, 219, 219, 219, 218, 218, 218, 217, 217, 217, 217, 216, 216, 216, 216, 215, 215, 215, 214, 214, 214, 214, 213, 213, 213, 212, 212, 212, 211, 211, 211, 211, 210, 210, 210, 209, 209, 209, 208, 208, 208, 208, 207, 207, 207, 206, 206, 206, 205, 205, 205, 204, 204, 204, 204, 203, 203, 203, 202, 202, 202, 201, 201, 201, 200, 200, 200, 199, 199, 199, 198, 198, 198, 197, 197, 197, 196, 196, 196, 195, 195, 195, 194, 194, 194, 193, 193, 193, 192, 192, 192, 191, 191, 191, 190, 190, 190, 189, 189, 189, 188, 188, 188, 187, 187, 187, 186, 186, 186, 185, 185, 184, 184, 184, 183, 183, 183, 182, 182, 182, 181, 181, 181, 180, 180, 180, 179, 179, 178, 178, 178, 177, 177, 177, 176, 176, 176, 175, 175, 174, 174, 174, 173, 173, 173, 172, 172, 172, 171, 171, 170, 170, 170, 169, 169, 169, 168, 168, 167, 167, 167, 166, 166, 166, 165, 165, 164, 164, 164, 163, 163, 163, 162, 162, 161, 161, 161, 160, 160, 160, 159, 159, 158, 158, 158, 157, 157, 157, 156, 156, 155, 155, 155, 154, 154, 153, 153, 153, 152, 152, 152, 151, 151, 150, 150, 150, 149, 149, 148, 148, 148, 147, 147, 147, 146, 146, 145, 145, 145, 144, 144, 143, 143, 143, 142, 142, 141, 141, 141, 140, 140, 140, 139, 139, 138, 138, 138, 137, 137, 136, 136, 136, 135, 135, 134, 134, 134, 133, 133, 132, 132, 132, 131, 131, 131, 130, 130, 129, 129, 129, 128, 128, 127, 127, 127, 126, 126, 125, 125, 125, 124, 124, 124, 123, 123, 122, 122, 122, 121, 121, 120, 120, 120, 119, 119, 118, 118, 118, 117, 117, 116, 116, 116, 115, 115, 115, 114, 114, 113, 113, 113, 112, 112, 111, 111, 111, 110, 110, 109, 109, 109, 108, 108, 108, 107, 107, 106, 106, 106, 105, 105, 104, 104, 104, 103, 103, 103, 102, 102, 101, 101, 101, 100, 100, 99, 99, 99, 98, 98, 98, 97, 97, 96, 96, 96, 95, 95, 95, 94, 94, 93, 93, 93, 92, 92, 92, 91, 91, 90, 90, 90, 89, 89, 89, 88, 88, 87, 87, 87, 86, 86, 86, 85, 85, 84, 84, 84, 83, 83, 83, 82, 82, 82, 81, 81, 80, 80, 80, 79, 79, 79, 78, 78, 78, 77, 77, 76, 76, 76, 75, 75, 75, 74, 74, 74, 73, 73, 73, 72, 72, 72, 71, 71, 70, 70, 70, 69, 69, 69, 68, 68, 68, 67, 67, 67, 66, 66, 66, 65, 65, 65, 64, 64, 64, 63, 63, 63, 62, 62, 62, 61, 61, 61, 60, 60, 60, 59, 59, 59, 58, 58, 58, 57, 57, 57, 56, 56, 56, 55, 55, 55, 54, 54, 54, 53, 53, 53, 52, 52, 52, 52, 51, 51, 51, 50, 50, 50, 49, 49, 49, 48, 48, 48, 48, 47, 47, 47, 46, 46, 46, 45, 45, 45, 45, 44, 44, 44, 43, 43, 43, 42, 42, 42, 42, 41, 41, 41, 40, 40, 40, 40, 39, 39, 39, 39, 38, 38, 38, 37, 37, 37, 37, 36, 36, 36, 35, 35, 35, 35, 34, 34, 34, 34, 33, 33, 33, 33, 32, 32, 32, 32, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 29, 29, 29, 29, 28, 28, 28, 28, 27, 27, 27, 27, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 24, 24, 24, 24, 23, 23, 23, 23, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 24, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 33, 33, 33, 33, 34, 34, 34, 35, 35, 35, 35, 36, 36, 36, 36, 37, 37, 37, 38, 38, 38, 38, 39, 39, 39, 39, 40, 40, 40, 41, 41, 41, 41, 42, 42, 42, 43, 43, 43, 44, 44, 44, 44, 45, 45, 45, 46, 46, 46, 46, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 48, 49, 49, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 51, 51, 51, 52, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 54, 54, 54, 55, 55, 55, 56, 56, 56, 56, 57, 57, 57, 58, 58, 58, 59, 59, 59, 60, 60, 60, 61, 61, 61, 62, 62, 62, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64, 65, 65, 65, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67, 68, 68, 68, 69, 69, 69, 70, 70, 70, 71, 71, 71, 72, 72, 72, 73, 73, 73, 74, 74, 75, 75, 75, 76, 76, 76, 77, 77, 77, 78, 78, 78, 79, 79, 80, 80, 80, 81, 81, 81, 82, 82, 82, 83, 83, 84, 84, 84, 85, 85, 85, 86, 86, 87, 87, 87, 88, 88, 88, 89, 89, 89, 90, 90, 91, 91, 91, 92, 92, 92, 93, 93, 94, 94, 94, 95, 95, 95, 96, 96, 97, 97, 97, 98, 98, 99, 99, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 103, 103, 103, 104, 104, 105, 105, 105, 106, 106, 107, 107, 107, 108, 108, 109, 109, 109, 110, 110, 110, 111, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 113, 114, 114, 114, 115, 115, 115, 116, 116, 117, 117, 117, 118, 118, 119, 119, 119, 120, 120, 121, 121, 121, 122, 122, 123, 123, 123, 124, 124, 124, 125, 125, 126, 126, 126, 127, 127, 128, 128;

tb

module tb_dds;

// dds Parameters
parameter PERIOD  = 10;

// dds Inputs
reg   clk                                  = 0 ;
reg   rst                                  = 0 ;
reg   [31:0]  Fword                        = 0 ;
reg   [10:0]  Pword                        = 0 ;

// dds Outputs
wire  [7:0]  Out                           ;

initial
begin
    forever #(PERIOD/2)  clk=~clk;
end

initial
begin
    Fword = 22'h20_0000;
    Pword = 1'b0;
    #(PERIOD*2) rst  =  1;
    #100000 Fword = 26'h200_0000;
end

dds  u_dds (
    .clk                     ( clk           ),
    .rst                     ( rst           ),
    .Fword                   ( Fword  [31:0] ),
    .Pword                   ( Pword  [10:0] ),

    .Out                     ( Out    [7:0]  )
);

endmodule

效果

仿真波形

在这里插入图片描述

4个周期，81.92us，周期为20.48us
在这里插入图片描述
6个周期，7.73us，周期为1.289us
两个波形的周期关系为16:1。

initial
begin
    Fword = 22'h20_0000;
    Pword = 1'b0;
    #(PERIOD*2) rst  =  1;
    #100000 Fword = 26'h200_0000;
end

这个关系也在频率控制字上提现了，后者的频率控制字是前者的16倍。

频率计算

coe文件中，一个周期的sine，一共2048个点。
根据仿真文件，时钟频率为100M。1个时钟周期10ns。

一开始的频率字为
Fword = 22'h20_0000;
即22’b1_0(21个0)
assign addr = cnt[31:21]+r_Pword;
也就是说addr每来一个时钟增加1。
2048个时钟周期后，波形走完一圈，所以正弦信号的周期为20.48us。
#100000 Fword = 26'h200_0000;
后来频率字放大了16倍，也就是说，频率变为原来的16倍。

assign addr = cnt[31:21]+r_Pword;
这里的cnt[31:21]可以辅助频率字，若是减小频率字，并且改变位宽，就可以降低信号的频率。

相位计算

可以看到相位字的位宽和rom的深度是一致的，范围为0-2047。

参考

【小梅哥FPGA】DDS原理详解与实现.
（视频质量有点差，讲的很乱，花了很长时间理解）
领航者ZYNQ之FPGA开发指南_V2.0
FPGA系统设计与验证实战指南_V2.6
Vivado环境下基于FPGA的IP实现FFT变换

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vivado 基于FPGA的dds学习记录

DDS（Direct Digital Synthesizer）即直接数字式频率合成器，是一种新型的频率合成技术。与传统的频率合成器相比， DDS 具有相对带宽大，频率转换时间短，稳定性好，分辨率高，可灵活产生多种信号等优点。较容易实现频率、相位及幅度的数控调制，因此，在现代电子系统及设备的频率源设计中，尤其在通信领域，直接数字频率合成器的应用越来越广泛。作为设计人员，我们习惯称它为信号发生器，一般用它产生正弦、锯齿、方波等不同波形或不同频率的信号波形。
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