字符串到其他类型的转换
1. atoi():将string/char[] 转换为int
2. atol(): 将string/char[] 转换long int
3. atof(): 将string/char[] 转换double
字符串的连接
1. 可以用"+"直接连接.
e.g:
string s1 = "ABC";
string s2 = "DEF";
string s = s1 + s2; //s = "ABCDEF"
2. 可以调用push_back()函数
e.g:
string s1 = "ABC";
s1.push_back("DEF");
// s1 = "ABCDEF"
据比较, 调用push_back()应该比用"+"速度更快(LeetCode中)