一、问题描述:
简述:将自定义类的string对象写入二进制文件,出现了错误。
在学习的C++二进制文件的写入和读取的过程中,先试试所有的变量都尽可能用new和delete,养成好习惯。因此,我定义了一个简单的学生类如下:
class Student {
public :
string name;
int age;
Student(string n = "XXX", int a = 18) : name(n), age(a) {}
void show() {
cout << name << "今年" << age << "岁." << endl;
}
};
然后想着,将两个学生对象的内容先写入再读出展示,代码如下:
int main() {
/*二进制文件*/
//写入stu.dinfo文件
Student *stu1 = new Student("张三", 25);
Student *stu2 = new Student("Daniel", 30);
ofstream *ofs = new ofstream("./stu.dinfo", ios::out | ios::binary);
ofs->write((const char *)stu1, sizeof(Student));
ofs->write((const char *)stu2, sizeof(Student));
ofs->close();
delete ofs;
delete stu1;
delete stu2;
cout << "End of Write!!" << endl;
//读取stu.dinfo文件内容并放入stu3与stu4
Student *stu3 = new Student;
Student *stu4 = new Student;
cout << "Before Read : " << endl;
stu3->show();stu4->show();
ifstream *ifs = new ifstream("./stu.dinfo", ios::in | ios::binary);
ifs->read((char *)stu3, sizeof(Student));
ifs->read((char *)stu4, sizeof(Student));
cout << "stu3.name : " << stu3->name << endl;
cout << "stu4.name : " << stu4->name << endl;
ifs->close();
cout << "After Read : " << endl;
stu3->show();stu4->show();
delete stu3;
delete stu4;
delete ifs;
结果输出的内容,年龄部分没问题,string类型的名字却都错误了。我尝试直接读取,结果也是错误的。程序运行结果如下:
二、解决办法
将string类型的变量改成char *类型的数组变量,再用动态申请的方式,因此我将Student类改成了以下形式:
class Student {
public :
char *name;
int age;
Student(char *n = "XXX", int a = 18) : age(a) {
name = new char[strlen(n) + 1];
strcpy(name, n);
}
~Student() {
delete name;
}
void show() {
cout << name << "今年" << age << "岁." << endl;
}
};
同样的运行结果显示,这次正确了,程序运行结果如下:
(P.S.当然各位兄弟要记得,使用c语言的字符串函数,记得包含头文件<cstring>)