RedHat 7.4 安装 Oracle 19c RAC
一、主机环境以及配置
虚拟主机环境
RAC主机名：rac1、rac2
CPU：Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2670 v2 @ 2.50GHz 4core
内存：32G
操作环境： RHEL 7.4 + Oracle 19c + UDEV
SSD:INTEL P3700 1.6T NVME
存储：Openfiler1.1 Oracle 软硬件要求
官方要求操作系统要在RHEL 7.4及以上
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/cwlin/supported-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-2E11B561-6587-4789-A583-2E33D705E498
禁用透明大页
rac需要的最少rpm包
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/cwlin/supported-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-2E11B561-6587-4789-A583-2E33D705E498
asm磁盘大小规划最小要求EXTERNAL最少要30GNORMAL冗余最少要60G
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/cwlin/oracle-clusterware-storage-space-requirements.html#GUID-97FD5D40-A65B-4575-AD12-06C491AF3F41
1.2 ASM磁盘组规划
| ASM磁盘组 | 用途 | 大小 | 冗余 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CRS_GIMR | ocr、voting file、19c grid管理库 | 30G+30G+30G | NORMAL |
| DATA | 数据文件 | 20G | EXTERNAL |
1.3 主机网络规划
| 网络配置 | 节点1 | 节点2 |
|---|---|---|
| 主机名称 | rac1 | rac2 |
| public ip | 192.168.189.211 | 192.168.189.212 |
| private ip | 10.10.10.211 | 10.10.10.212 |
| vip | 192.168.189.213 | 192.168.189.214 |
| scan ip | 192.168.189.215 | 192.168.189.215 |
1.4 操作系统配置部分
两个节点主机名设置
hostnamectl set-hostname racnnode11、关闭防火墙
在两个节点关闭防火墙
-
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disabled firewalld
2、关闭selinux
在两个节点关闭selinux
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@rac1 ~]#setenforce 03、hosts文件配置
在两个节点修改hosts文件
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
#public ip ent0
192.168.189.211 rac1
192.168.189.212 rac2
192.168.189.213 rac1-vip
192.168.189.214 rac2-vip
10.10.10.211 rac1-prv
10.10.10.212 rac2-prv
192.168.189.215 rac-scan4、依赖包配置
在两个节点安装rac需要的依赖包
[root@rac1 ~]#
yum install -y binutils
yum install -y compat-libcap1
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.i686
yum install -y gcc
yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y glibc
yum install -y glibc.i686
yum install -y glibc-devel
yum install -y glibc-devel.i686
yum install -y ksh
yum install -y libgcc
yum install -y libgcc.i686
yum install -y libstdc++
yum install -y libstdc++.i686
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y libstdc++-devel.i686
yum install -y libaio
yum install -y libaio.i686
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libaio-devel.i686
yum install -y libXext
yum install -y libXext.i686
yum install -y libXtst
yum install -y libXtst.i686
yum install -y libX11
yum install -y libX11.i686
yum install -y libXau
yum install -y libXau.i686
yum install -y libxcb
yum install -y libxcb.i686
yum install -y libXi
yum install -y libXi.i686
yum install -y make
yum install -y sysstat
yum install -y unixODBC
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
yum install -y readline
yum install -y libtermcap-devel
yum install -y bc
yum install -y compat-libstdc++
yum install -y elfutils-libelf
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install -y fontconfig-devel
yum install -y libXi
yum install -y libXtst
yum install -y libXrender
yum install -y libXrender-devel
yum install -y libgcc
yum install -y librdmacm-devel
yum install -y libstdc++
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y net-tools
yum install -y nfs-utils
yum install -y python
yum install -y python-configshell
yum install -y python-rtslib
yum install -y python-six
yum install -y targetcli
yum install -y smartmontools
rhel7还需单独安装一个独立包rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
5、关闭时间同步ntpd服务
检查两节点时间，时区是否相同，并禁止ntp
[root@rac1 ~]#systemctl disable ntpd.service
[root@rac1 ~]#systemctl stop ntpd.service
[root@rac1 ~]#mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig
[root@rac1 ~]#systemctl status ntpd
时区设置
# timedatectl list-timezones |grep Shanghai #查找中国时区的完整名称
Asia/Shanghai
# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai 6、创建用户及用户组
在两个节点创建oracle，grid用户组
[root@rac1 ~]
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
groupadd -g 54330 racdba
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle
useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid 设置grid、oracle密码
[root@rac1 ~]
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin grid7、创建文件目录
在两个节点创建grid、oracle文件目录
[root@rac1 ~]
mkdir -p /u01/app/19.0.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/8、修改20-nproc.conf
在两个节点修改/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
# Change this
#注释这行* soft nproc 1024
# To this增加下面一行
* - nproc 163849、修改limits.conf
在两个节点修改/etc/security/limits.conf
[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#ORACLE SETTING
grid soft nproc 16384
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 3145728
oracle soft memlock 314572810、修改login
在两个节点修改/etc/pam.d/login文件
[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/pam.d/login
#ORACLE SETTING
session required pam_limits.so11、修改sysctl.conf
在两个节点修改/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#ORACLE SETTING
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 15461882265
kernel.shmall = 3774873
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 104858612、停止avahi-daemon服务
两个节点分别操作
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
ps -ef|grep avahi-daemon
kill -9 pid avahi-daemon13、添加NOZEROCONF=yes参数
[root@rac1 rpm]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NOZEROCONF=yes14、修改grid用户环境变量
节点1 grid
[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac1:/home/grid]$vi ~/.bash_profile
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.0.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi节点2 grid
[root@rac2 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac2:/home/grid]$vi ~/.bash_profile
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.0.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
15、修改oracle用户环境变量
节点1 oracle
[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$vi ~/.bash_profile
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi节点2 oracle
[root@rac2 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac2:/home/oracle]$vi ~/.bash_profile
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi16、修改root环境变量
加入grid用户$ORACLE_HOME
[root@rac1 opt]# vi ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:/u01/app/19.0.0/grid/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH17、禁用透明大页
oracle官方建议关闭透明大页
1 修改grub文件
cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak
vi /etc/default/grub
2 增加一行transparent_hugepage=never到尾部
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=
"rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never
3 执行命令
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
4 不重启生效
[root@rac1 ~]#echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
5 查看是否禁用透明大页
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]
[root@rac2 ~]# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo
AnonHugePages: 0 kB---------->>>返回值若是零，代表成功禁用THP18、修改共享存储、udev规则
在节点1和节点2，固定设备名称并且赋予grid属性，执行如下命令，用来生成udev规则
1 取得DM_UUID
cd /dev/mapper
for i in `ls mpath*`;
do printf "%s %s\n" "$i" "$(udevadm info --query=all --name=/dev/mapper/$i |grep -i dm_uuid)";
done2 生成rules文件
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455232776b726c352d4557426d2d43776568",SYMLINK+="asm_crs_1_30g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552477a424f6e592d644b49572d56614c4b",SYMLINK+="asm_crs_2_30g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45524e5871614c522d74376d482d5a564272",SYMLINK+="asm_crs_3_30g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552386e674a70452d4959334f2d47745667",SYMLINK+="asm_data_1_20g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"- 3 重新加载udev
udevadm control --reload-rules
udevadm trigger
4 查看asm磁盘
[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*
19、节点2拷贝节点1的udev规则文件
scp rac1:/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules二、Grid集群软件安装部分
1、上传集群软件包
在节点1上传grid安装包
[root@rac1 grid]# ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 grid oinstall 5.1G Jan 28 15:58 LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip
软件包可自行前去官网下载:https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html
当然也可以在墨天轮下载：https://www.modb.pro/download/5713，
或者在公众号 JiekeXu之路 【ID：JiekeXu_IT】回复关键字【Linux_19c下载】获取。2、解压grid安装包
在19C中需要把grid包解压放到grid用户下ORACLE_HOME目录内
解压文件到/u01/app/19.0.0/grid
[grid@rac2 grid]$ cd /u01/app/19.0.0/grid
[grid@rac2 grid]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip3、进入grid集群软件目录执行安装
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh 
4、GUI安装步骤
4.1 创建新的集群
4.2 配置集群名称以及scan名称
4.3 节点互信
4.4 公网、私网网段选择
4.5 选择asm存储
4.6 选择配置GIMR
4.7 这里选择ocr、voting file与gimr放在一起
4.8 选择asm磁盘组
4.9 输入密码
4.10 保持默认
4.11 保持默认
4.12保持默认
4.13 确认base目录
4.14保持默认
4.15这里可以选择自动root执行脚本
4.16 预安装检查
4.17 解决相关依赖后，忽略如下报错
4.18 安装前摘要
4.19 如下警告可以忽略
如上警告是由于没有使用DNS解析造成可忽略
4.20 grid安装完毕
三、Oracle DataBase软件安装
解压压缩包到oracle用户的ORACLE_HOME目录，执行安装
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ unzip /opt/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ ./runInstaller
--软件包可自行前去官网下载:https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html
当然也可以在墨天轮下载：https://www.modb.pro/download/5713，
或者在公众号 JiekeXu之路 【ID：JiekeXu_IT】回复关键字【Linux_19c下载】获取。1 software only
2 选择rac
3 ssh互信验证
4 保持默认
5 保持默认
6 保持默认
7 可选择自动执行root脚本
8 预安装前检查
忽略如下警告
9 安装摘要
10 开始安装
11 执行root脚本
12 oracle软件安装部分结束
四、DBCA创建实例
在创建实例前先通过grid的asmca创建磁盘组，随后再用oracle dbca创建实例
1、通过asmca创建oracle数据文件磁盘组
[grid@rac1 grid]$ asmca
data磁盘组
asm磁盘组创建完毕
2、dbca图形化安装实例
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ dbca
常规配置DBCA
DBCA完成
查看集群状态
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS_GIMR.GHCHKPT.advm
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.chad
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.crs_gimr.ghchkpt.acfs
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.helper
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 IDLE,STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 IDLE,STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.CRS_GIMR.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 169.254.11.15 10.10.
10.211,STABLE
ora.asm(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,STABLE
ora.orcl.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.0.0
/db_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.0.0
/db_1,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.rhpserver
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------查看数据库版本
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> col banner_full for a120
SQL> select BANNER_FULL from v$version;
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production另外，19c 最新补丁 RU 19.9 可以提供下载了，https://www.modb.pro/download/5713 更多资源可访问我的墨天轮主页获取。
本文转自： iverycd https://blog.csdn.net/kiral07/article/details/94027820 感谢原作者。
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