docker的安装

前言

**什么是docker：**docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上，也可以实现虚拟化，容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。简言之，就是可以在Linux上镜像使用的这么一个容器。

docker安装步骤（国内安装）

在阿里云官方下载docker-ce

//安装必要的一些系统工具：sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
//添加软件源信息：sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
//更新并安装docker-CE：sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
//开启docker服务：sudo service docker start

安装完成之后查看仓库是否有docker-ce.repo

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo         CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  docker-ce.repo
CentOS-Base.repo.backup  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo

确认之后下载插件并做好缓存（这里是我下载好的截图）

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                                             repo name                                                          status
!base/7/x86_64                                      CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                               10,070
!docker-ce-stable/x86_64                            Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                              79
!extras/7/x86_64                                    CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                413
!updates/7/x86_64                                   CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                             1,112
repolist: 11,674

[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable                                                                                      | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                               | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created

查看docker可用版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Installed Packages
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.9-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.8-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.6-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.5-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.12-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.12-3.el7                   @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.11-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.10-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages

这里我们下载18.9.0，注意并没有采用阿里云官方推荐的方法，我们分别下载了docker-ce，docker-ce-cli和containerd.io这三个组件

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7   docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7  containerd.io-1.2.13-3.2.el7

开启docker服务并加入开机自启

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl  start  docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl  enable  docker

安装完成之后查看docker版本信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker -v   //只查看client版本
Docker version 19.03.12, build 48a66213fe
[root@localhost ~]# docker  version  //查看docker的详细信息
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.12
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.10
 Git commit:        48a66213fe
 Built:             Mon Jun 22 15:46:54 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.12
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.10
  Git commit:       48a66213fe
  Built:            Mon Jun 22 15:45:28 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.13
  GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

查看完成之后我们的docker下载镜像是很慢的，我们设置一个国内的加速器

[root@localhost ~]# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s https://mf1x1wnc.mirror.aliyuncs.com   //设置阿里云镜像站

使用后台守护进程开启镜像加速，重启docker，查看docker信息

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 1
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 3
 Server Version: 19.03.12
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 1.779GiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: QSMS:KA7E:XN2A:RR72:SGDQ:43FO:S43Q:BKT4:RSGT:S6HS:6TC4:GTL7
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  192.168.1.100:5000
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://mf1x1wnc.mirror.aliyuncs.com/   //已更改为阿里云镜像站
 Live Restore Enabled: false