Mac中MacPorts安装和使用

MacPorts，曾经叫做DarwinPorts，是一个软件包管理系统，用来简化Mac OS X和Darwin操作系统上软件的安装。
它是一个用来简化自由软件/开放源代码软件的安装的自由/开放源代码项目，与Fink和BSD类ports套件的目标和功能类似。
跟BSD中的ports道理一样。MacPorts就像apt-get、yum一样，可以快速安装些软件。

MacPorts下载与安装

一.通过(.pkg)安装: Mac OS X Package (.pkg) Installer

访问官方网站: http://www.macports.org/install.php
http://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1-10.7-Lion.pkg

二.通过(Source)安装MacPorts：Source Installation

1.cd到Downloads/目录下wget下载 MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz
输入: wget https://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz

2.解压 MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz 输入: tar zxvf MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz (tar jxvf MacPorts2.1.1.tar.bz2)

3.cd到解压到的目录MacPorts-2.1.1输入: ./configure && make && sudo make install 安装
中间提示输入密码完成安装!

7.然后将/opt/local/bin和/opt/local/sbin添加到$PATH搜索路径中
编辑/etc/profile文件 sudo vim /etc/profile (特许编辑,强制保存退出 :wq!)文件最后加上下面两句

export PATH=/opt/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/opt/local/sbin:$PATH

MacPorts使用

1.Mac Port中第三方软件下载包存放的默认路径是：/opt/local/var/macports/distfiles/
为了提高安装速度，可以在安装新port时直接将此目录下的文件拷贝到新的Mac Port相同的目录中就可以避免Port去网上下载。

2.使用Mac Port前应该首先更新Port的index
输入: sudo port -v selfupdate (强烈推荐第一次运行的时候使用-v参数，显示详细的更新过程)

3.查看Mac Port中当前可用的软件包及其版本 输入: port list

4.查看有更新的软件以及版本 输入: port outdated

5.升级可以更新的软件 输入: sudo port upgrade outdated

6.在Mac Port搜索需要安装的软件包 输入: port search maven

HuiMinmatoMacBook-Pro:Downloads zikercn$ port search maven
maven @1.0.2 (java, devel)
    stub port, use maven1 instead
 
maven-ant-tasks @2.1.3 (devel, java)
    Use many of Maven's artifact handling features from Ant.
 
maven1 @1.1 (java, devel)
    A java-based build and project management environment.
 
maven2 @2.2.1 (java, devel)
    A java-based build and project management environment.
 
maven3 @3.0.4 (java, devel)
    A java-based build and project management environment.
 
maven_select @0.3 (sysutils)
    common files for selecting default Maven version
 
Found 6 ports.

7.搜索到需要安装的软件包之后，如何查看具体的软件包的内容和说明
输入: port info maven3

maven3 @3.0.4 (java, devel)
 
Description:          Maven is a Java project management and project
                      comprehension tool. Maven is based on the concept of a
                      project object model (POM) in that all the artifacts
                      produced by Maven are a result of consulting a well
                      defined model for your project.Builds, documentation,
                      source metrics, and source cross-references are all
                      controlled by your POM. Maven 3 aims to ensure backward
                      compatibility with Maven 2, improve usability, increase
                      performance, allow safe embedding, and pave the way to
                      implement many highly demanded features.
Homepage:             http://maven.apache.org/
 
Build Dependencies:   kaffe
Runtime Dependencies: maven_select
Platforms:            darwin
License:              unknown
Maintainers:          blair@macports.org, gk5885@kickstyle.net

8.查看即将安装的或者已经安装的软件包的依赖关系
输入: port deps maven3

Full Name: maven3 @3.0.4_0
Build Dependencies:   kaffe
Runtime Dependencies: maven_select

9.查看安装时允许客户定制的参数 输入: port variants maven3

maven3 has no variants

10.查看了软件包的内容和说明,并确认确实要安装,则输入: sudo port install maven3

To make maven 3.0.4 the default, please run
    sudo port select --set maven maven3
 
--->  Cleaning maven3
--->  Updating database of binaries: 100.0%
--->  Scanning binaries for linking errors: 100.0%
--->  No broken files found.

11.卸载已经用Mac Port安装的软件 输入: sudo port uninstall maven3

--->  Deactivating maven3 @3.0.4_0
--->  Cleaning maven3
--->  Uninstalling maven3 @3.0.4_0
--->  Cleaning maven3

MacPorts卸载删除

1.卸载原有的MacPorts(如果你没有安装,直接跳过这一步,输入: port version 查看)
#原版使用MacPorts安装过的软件在/opt/local目录下,删除之前最好查看下,心里有个数.

sudo port -f uninstall installed
sudo rm -rf  [/加下面的每条]
/opt/local
/Applications/DarwinPorts
/Applications/MacPorts
/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.*
/Library/Receipts/DarwinPorts*.pkg
/Library/Receipts/MacPorts*.pkg
/Library/StartupItems/DarwinPortsStartup
/Library/Tcl/darwinports1.0
/Library/Tcl/macports1.0
~/.macports