实用的数组操作函数（一）

array_reduce() — 用回调函数迭代地将数组简化为单一的值

http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-reduce.php

示例

<?php
function sum($carry, $item)
{
    $carry += $item;
    return $carry;
}

function product($carry, $item)
{
    $carry *= $item;
    return $carry;
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$x = array();

var_dump(array_reduce($a, "sum")); // int(15)
var_dump(array_reduce($a, "product", 10)); // int(1200), because: 10*1*2*3*4*5
var_dump(array_reduce($x, "sum", "No data to reduce")); // string(17) "No data to reduce"
?> 

array_filter() — 用回调函数过滤数组中的单元

http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-filter.php

示例 

<?php
function odd($var)
{
    // returns whether the input integer is odd
    return($var & 1);
}

function even($var)
{
    // returns whether the input integer is even
    return(!($var & 1));
}

$array1 = array("a"=>1, "b"=>2, "c"=>3, "d"=>4, "e"=>5);
$array2 = array(6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);

echo "Odd :\n";
print_r(array_filter($array1, "odd"));
echo "Even:\n";
print_r(array_filter($array2, "even"));
?> 

//输出
Odd :
Array
(
    [a] => 1
    [c] => 3
    [e] => 5
)
Even:
Array
(
    [0] => 6
    [2] => 8
    [4] => 10
    [6] => 12
)

array_map() — 为数组的每个元素应用回调函数

http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-map.php

示例

<?php
function cube($n)
{
    return($n * $n * $n);
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array_map("cube", $a);
print_r($b);
?> 
//输出
Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 8
    [2] => 27
    [3] => 64
    [4] => 125
)

<?php
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("one", "two", "three", "four", "five");
$c = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");

$d = array_map(null, $a, $b, $c);
print_r($d);
?> 
//输出
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => one
            [2] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => two
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] => three
            [2] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
            [1] => four
            [2] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5
            [1] => five
            [2] => cinco
        )

)

array_walk — 使用用户自定义函数对数组中的每个元素做回调处理

http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-walk.php

示例

<?php
$fruits = array("d" => "lemon", "a" => "orange", "b" => "banana", "c" => "apple");

function test_alter(&$item1, $key, $prefix)
{
    $item1 = "$prefix: $item1";
}

function test_print($item2, $key)
{
    echo "$key. $item2<br />\n";
}

echo "Before ...:\n";
array_walk($fruits, 'test_print');

array_walk($fruits, 'test_alter', 'fruit');
echo "... and after:\n";

array_walk($fruits, 'test_print');
?> 
//输出
Before ...:
d. lemon
a. orange
b. banana
c. apple
... and after:
d. fruit: lemon
a. fruit: orange
b. fruit: banana
c. fruit: apple

<?php
$arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
foreach ($arr as &$value) {
    $value = $value * 2;
}
// $arr is now array(2, 4, 6, 8)
unset($value); // 最后取消掉引用
?>