定长数组
头文件array
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//和一维数组类似,只是是一个模板类
template<class _Ty, size_t size>class MyArray {
public:
MyArray() {
memory = new _Ty[size];
//new MM[size]
}
_Ty& operator[](int index) {
return memory[index];
}
~MyArray() {
delete memory;
}
public:
_Ty* begin() {
return memory + 0;
}
_Ty* end() {
return memory + size;
}
//自己写的迭代器,类种类,模仿指针
class iterator {
public:
iterator(_Ty* pmove=nullptr ):pmove(pmove){}
void operator=(_Ty* pmove) {
this->pmove = pmove;
}
bool operator!=(_Ty* pmove) {
return this->pmove != pmove;
}
iterator operator++(int) {
this->pmove++;
return *this;
}
_Ty operator*() {
return pmove[0];
}
protected:
_Ty* pmove;
};
protected:
_Ty* memory;
};
void testMyArray() {
MyArray<int, 3> array1D;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
array1D[i] = i;
}
MyArray<int, 3>::iterator iter;
for (iter = array1D.begin(); iter != array1D.end(); iter++) {
cout << *iter << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
void testExoperator() {
//使用和正常数组一样
//一些函数
array<int, 3> test = { 1,2,3 };
cout << test.empty() << endl;//判断是否为空
cout << test.size() << endl;//判断元素个数
test.fill(5);//把所有元素都填充为5
//新版for循环,让v指向第一个元素,让v从第一个元素遍历到最后一个元素
//必须是容器存在迭代器
for (auto v : test) {//for (int v : test) 若要修改里面的元素可以用引用
cout << v << endl;
}
cout << endl;
array<int, 5> a = { 1,2,3,4,5 };
//test.swap(a);长度不同不能交换
array<int, 3> b = { 1,2,3 };//映射,一种对应关系,数组下标对应元素
test.swap(b);
int cData[3] = { 1,2,3 };
for (int v : cData) {
cout << v << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
//定长数组处理自定义类型数据
class MM {
public:
MM() {};
MM(string name, int age) :name(name), age(age) {}
void print() {
cout << name << " " << age << endl;
}
protected:
string name;
int age;
};
void testUserData() {
array<MM, 3> mmData;
for (int i = 0; i < mmData.size(); i++) {
string name = "name";
mmData[i] = MM(name + to_string(i), 16 + i);
}
for (auto v : mmData) {
//v就是MM的对象
v.print();
}
//迭代器访问
//对象模仿指针行为,用法和指针一样,*迭代器 类种类
array<MM, 3>::iterator iter;
//begin()容器第一个位置
//end()最后一个位置的下一个位置,不是最后一个元素的位置
(*mmData.begin()).print();
//(*mmData.end()).print();越界访问
(*(mmData.end() - 1)).print();
//正常使用迭代器
for (iter = mmData.begin(); iter != mmData.end(); iter++) {
//*iter是mmData对象,suoyiiter是对象的地址
(*iter).print();
iter->print();
}
}
//返回一个数组的函数
//array容器充当返回值
array<int, 3>& returnArray(array<int, 3>& temp) {//若要在子函数修改这个容器同样也需要传引用//函数参数(array<int, 3>& temp)
for (int i = 0; i < temp.size(); i++) {
temp[i] = i;
}
return temp;
}
int main() {
//存储类型是int,存储长度是3
//一般用模板的时候都是用的对象,而不是new一个对象
//用容器一般是用对象,避免new忘记释放
array<int, 3> array1D;
array<string, 4>* pArray = new array<string, 4>;
delete pArray;
#define MAX 5
array<double, MAX> dArray1D;
//可以直接用等号初始化
array<int, 3> num = { 1,2,3 };
for (int i = 0; i < array1D.size(); i++) {
array1D[i] = i;
}
testExoperator();
testUserData();
return 0;
}
array与vector的嵌套
#include<iostream>
#include<array>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
void tsetArrayAndArray() {
array<array<int, 3>, 4> arrayData;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
arrayData[i][j] = i * j;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cout << arrayData[i][j] << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
void testVectorAndVector() {
srand((unsigned int)time(nullptr));
vector<vector<int>> vectorData;
//一般vector嵌套,采用push_back插入
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
vector<int> temp; //因为外层插入的是vector<int>所以需要临时变量存储
for (int j = 0; j < rand()%3+2; j++) {
temp.push_back(i * j);
}
vectorData.push_back(temp);
}
for (int i = 0; i < vectorData.size(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j<vectorData[i].size(); j++) {//每一列可以不等长
cout << vectorData[i][j] << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
void testArrayAndVector() {
array<vector<int>, 3> vecArr;
vector<int> vec[3] = { { 1,2,3 },{ 1,2,3,4,5,6 },{ 1,2,3,4,5 } };
for (int i = 0; i < vecArr.size(); i++) {
vecArr[i] = vec[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < vecArr.size(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < vecArr[i].size(); j++) {//每一列可以不等长
cout << vecArr[i][j] << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
void testVectorAndArray() {
vector<array<int, 3>> arrVec;
array<int, 3> arr[3] = { { 1,2,3 },{ 4,5,6 },{ 1,4,5 } };
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
arrVec.push_back(arr[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < arrVec.size(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < arrVec[i].size(); j++) {//每一列可以不等长
cout << arrVec[i][j] << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
int main() {
tsetArrayAndArray();
testVectorAndVector();
testArrayAndVector();
testVectorAndArray();
return 0;
}