android中异常捕获

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<h1 class="title">android中异常捕获</h1>


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2016.09.22 15:58
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刚做android开发的时候，经常会写出很多bug，特别是在测试的时候，如果遇到不能重现的bug，很多问题不好及时的定位。后面使用TestIn进行错误信息的统计，但是发现有时不能及时在后台查看。我就想，自己能不能做一个更testIn一样的功能。所以就有了下面的内容。
使用步骤：需要在application中进行配置
<pre class="hljs java"><code class="java"> ExceptionHandler catchHandler = ExceptionHandler.getInstance();
catchHandler.init(getApplicationContext());
catchHandler.collectDeviceInfo(getApplicationContext());</code></pre>
具体的实现代码如下：
<pre class="hljs java"><code class="java">package ex.yh.cn.exdemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* 全局异常捕获
*
* @author yanghai
* 该类将发生异常的日志信息写在本地目录中,
* 使用时,需要在Application中进行初始化的配置
* 
* ExceptionHandler catchHandler = ExceptionHandler.getInstance();
* catchHandler.init(getApplicationContext());
* catchHandler.collectDeviceInfo(getApplicationContext());
* 
*/
public class ExceptionHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {
public static final String TAG = "CrashHandler";
// 系统默认的UncaughtException处理类
private UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultHandler;
// CrashHandler实例
private static ExceptionHandler instance;
// 程序的Context对象
private Context mContext;
// 用来存储设备信息和异常信息
private Map<String, String> infos = new HashMap<String, String>();

// 用于格式化日期,作为日志文件名的一部分

/**
* 保证只有一个CrashHandler实例
*/
private ExceptionHandler() {
}

/**
* 获取CrashHandler实例 ,单例模式
*/
public static ExceptionHandler getInstance() {
if (instance == null)
instance = new ExceptionHandler();
return instance;
}

/**
* 初始化
*/
public void init(Context context) {
mContext = context;
// 获取系统默认的UncaughtException处理器
mDefaultHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
// 设置该CrashHandler为程序的默认处理器
Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);
}

/**
* 当UncaughtException发生时会转入该函数来处理
*/
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {
if (!handleException(ex) && mDefaultHandler != null) {
// 如果用户没有处理则让系统默认的异常处理器来处理
mDefaultHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);
} else {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "error : ", e);
}
// 退出程序
android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
System.exit(1);
}
}

/**
* 自定义错误处理,收集错误信息发送错误报告等操作均在此完成.
*
* @param ex
* @return true:如果处理了该异常信息;否则返回false.
*/
private boolean handleException(Throwable ex) {
if (ex == null) {
return false;
}
// 收集设备参数信息
collectDeviceInfo(mContext);
// 使用Toast来显示异常信息
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
Toast.makeText(mContext, "很抱歉,程序出现异常,即将退出.错误信息保存在该目录" + getSDPath(),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Looper.loop();
}
}.start();
// 保存日志文件
saveCatchInfo2File(ex);
return true;
}

/**
* 收集设备参数信息
*
* @param ctx
*/
public void collectDeviceInfo(Context ctx) {
Log.i(TAG, "收集设备信息");
try {
PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();
PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(ctx.getPackageName(),
PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
if (pi != null) {
infos.put("versionName", String.valueOf(pi.versionName == null ? "null"
: pi.versionName));
infos.put("versionCode", String.valueOf(pi.versionCode));
}
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect package info", e);
}
Field[] fields = Build.class.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
try {
field.setAccessible(true);
infos.put(field.getName(), field.get(null).toString());
Log.d(TAG, field.getName() + " : " + field.get(null));
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect crash info", e);
}
}
}

/**
* 保存错误信息到文件中
*
* @param ex
* @return 返回文件名称, 便于将文件传送到服务器
*/
private String saveCatchInfo2File(Throwable ex) {
OutputStream fos = null;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : infos.entrySet()) {
String key = entry.getKey();
String value = entry.getValue();
sb.append(key + "=" + value + "\n");
}
Writer writer = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);
ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
while (cause != null) {
cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);
cause = cause.getCause();
}
printWriter.close();
String result = writer.toString();
sb.append(result);
try {
String fileName = "crash-" + getCurrentTime() + ".txt";
if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
String path = getSDPath() + "/" + BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + "/exception/";
File dir = new File(path);
if (!dir.exists()) {
// 创建此抽象路径名指定的目录，包括所有必需但不存在的父目录。
dir.mkdirs();
}
String fileAddress = path + fileName;
File exFile = new File(fileAddress);
if (!exFile.exists()) {
exFile.createNewFile();
}
fos = new FileOutputStream(exFile);
fos.write(sb.toString().getBytes());
// 发送给开发人员
sendCrashLog2PM(path + fileName);
fos.close();
}
return fileName;
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "an error occured while writing file...", e);

} finally {
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}

/**
* 将捕获的导致崩溃的错误信息发送给开发人员
* 
* 目前只将log日志保存在sdcard 和输出到LogCat中，并未发送给后台。
*/
private void sendCrashLog2PM(String fileName) {
if (!new File(fileName).exists()) {
Toast.makeText(mContext, "日志文件不存在！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
FileInputStream fis = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
String s = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis, "GBK"));
while (true) {
s = reader.readLine();
if (s == null)
break;
// 由于目前尚未确定以何种方式发送，所以先打出log日志。
Log.i("info", s.toString());
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally { // 取消流
try {
reader.close();
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

// 获得sd卡的根目录
private String getSDPath() {
File sdDir = null;
boolean sdCardExist = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
// 判断sd卡是否存在
if (sdCardExist) {
sdDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();// 获取跟目录
}
return sdDir.toString();

}

private String getCurrentTime() {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-hh-mm:ss");
return format.format(new Date());
}
}</code></pre>
注意：错误信息会保存在sd卡上以改程序applicationId命名的包中 <a href="https://github.com/yhaccount/exdemo" target="_blank">demo地址</a>
我始终相信，只要能想到的功能，都能实现。不要因为自己的能力不够，而找出奇葩的借口。

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