格式化输出与宏定义的一个例子

 

#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

#define D(A) T<<#A<<endl; A

int main()
{
	ofstream T("format.out");
	D(int i=47;)
	D(float f=2300114.232343;)
	const char *s="Is there any more?";
	D(T.setf(ios::unitbuf);)
	D(T.setf(ios::showbase);)
	D(T.setf(ios::uppercase|ios::showpos);)
	D(T<<i<<endl;)
	D(T.unsetf(ios::showbase);)
	D(T.setf(ios::dec,ios::basefield);)
	D(T.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);)
	D(T.fill('0');)
	D(T<<"fill char "<<T.fill()<<endl;)
	D(T.width(10);)
	T<<i<<endl;
	D(T<<i<<endl;)
	D(T.unsetf(ios::showpos);)
	D(T.setf(ios::showpoint);)
	D(T<<"prec ="<<T.precision()<<endl;)
	D(T.setf(ios::scientific,ios::floatfield);)
	D(T<<endl<<f<<endl;)
	D(T.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield);)
	D(T<<f<<endl;)
	D(T.precision(20);)
	D(T<<"prec ="<<T.precision()<<endl;)
	D(T<<endl<<f<<endl;)
	D(T.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield);)
	D(T<<f<<endl;)
	D(T.width(10);)
	T<<s<<endl;
	D(T.width(40);)
	T<<s<<endl;
	D(T.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);)
	D(T.width(40);)
	T<<s<<endl;
	return 0;
}

这个例子中用到了一个技巧来创建一个跟踪文件，以监视程序执行时发生了什么事。宏定义D(A)用预处理器把A转化为字符串并输出。然后对A进行重复迭代，所以语句顺序执行。宏把所以信息输出到跟踪文件T.

文件"format.out"中的内容如下：

int i=47;
float f=2300114.232343;
T.setf(ios::unitbuf);
T.setf(ios::showbase);
T.setf(ios::uppercase|ios::showpos);
T<<i<<endl;
+47
T.unsetf(ios::showbase);
T.setf(ios::dec,ios::basefield);
T.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
T.fill('0');
T<<"fill char "<<T.fill()<<endl;
fill char 0
T.width(10);
+470000000
T<<i<<endl;
+47
T.unsetf(ios::showpos);
T.setf(ios::showpoint);
T<<"prec ="<<T.precision()<<endl;
prec =6
T.setf(ios::scientific,ios::floatfield);
T<<endl<<f<<endl;

2.300114E+006
T.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield);
T<<f<<endl;
2300114.250000
T.precision(20);
T<<"prec ="<<T.precision()<<endl;
prec =20
T<<endl<<f<<endl;

2300114.25000000000000000000
T.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield);
T<<f<<endl;
2300114.25000000000000000000
T.width(10);
Is there any more?
T.width(40);
Is there any more?0000000000000000000000
T.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
T.width(40);
Is there any more?0000000000000000000000

 

 ——摘自Thinking in C++ Volume Two