MySQL 5.7（免安装版）数据库配置

一、MySQL下载
官网下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
百度网盘地址：
32位：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1cswp-M3aNS5BzfKhKMOg_w 密码：zour
64位：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1PL3—5LIFFJ-bb7DITf-w 密码：rv8z
二、配置初始化信息
新建文本文件，改名为 configure.ini，拷贝一下内容到文件中；

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

#basedir = .....
#datadir = .....
#port = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

【注意】
1） 配置文件名称可以自定义；
2） 以上方式为未开机后自动启动MySQL服务器方式，如果要配置开机自启，则需要配置环境变量，配置方式如下：系统属性 => 高级 => 高级 => 系统变量 => path 后面添加 [MySQL解压路径]，然后修改配置信息

basedir = [当前目录路径]
datadir = [数据存储目录路径]
port = [端口号，默认3306]

三、数据库配置
3.1 以管理员身份运行命令提示符，进入MySQL解压目录的…\bin\目录下，以 >> D:\MySQL\bin\为例：

C:\windows\system32> D:
D:\> cd D:\MySQL\bin\
D:\MySQL\bin>

3.2 执行安装命令，安装MySQL服务；

D:\MySQL\bin> mysqld --install
Service successfully installed.       // 提示安装成功
D:\MySQL\bin>

【备注】
安装服务命令：mysqld --install [服务名]
卸载服务命令：mysqld --remove [服务名]
[服务名]为可选参数，默认不填写则为 MySQL

3.3 执行初始化命令；

D:\MySQL\bin> mysqld --initialize --console
//此处省略一大堆初始化配置信息
2017-12-12T14:21:39.268917Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@
localhost: ob@MRJTa2Q,
// 最后面的是登录密码，切记抄记

【注意】在执行初始化命令时务必保证配置的datadir（数据存储目录）为空目录，否则会报如下错误：

ERROR 2003: Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061)"

3.4 启动MySQL服务

D:\MySQL\bin> net start mysql
MySQL 服务正在启动.
MySQL 服务已经启动成功.

【备注】
停止服务：net stop [服务名]
启动服务：net start [服务名]

3.5 执行登录命令，以 root 身份登录

D:\MySQL\bin>  mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ************            //这里的密码就是之前随机生成的密码，注意第一个空格不是密码
mysql> 

3.6 修改登录密码

mysql> set password = 'root';        //注意MySQL中设置字符串时，多用单引号
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

至此，MySQL就配置完成了。

四、中文乱码修改

登录MySQL数据库后进行修改

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
//显示如下信息
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                    |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                      |
| character_set_connection | gbk                      |
| character_set_database   | latin1                   |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                   |
| character_set_results    | gbk                      |
| character_set_server     | latin1                   |
| character_set_system     | utf8                     |
| character_sets_dir       | D:\MySQL\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

除了保证 character_set_filesystem 为 binary 外，其他的全部通过SQL语句修改为 utf8，修改语句如下：

#设置数据库编码信息
SET character_set_client='utf8';  
SET character_set_connection='utf8';  
SET character_set_database ='utf8';  
SET character_set_results='utf8';  
SET character_set_server='utf8'; 

五、Navicat Premium 12 连接MySQL时报如下错误：

原因：
mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password，而在mysql8之后加密规则是caching_sha2_password
解决方法：
（1）升级navicat驱动
（2）把mysql用户登录密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; #修改加密规则 
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password'; #更新一下用户的密码 
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限