思维导图:
代码示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
public:
Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) { }
Complex operator + (const Complex &c2) const;
Complex operator - (const Complex &c2) const;
void display() const;
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex &c2) const {
return Complex(real + c2.real, imag + c2.imag);
}
Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex &c2) const {
return Complex(real - c2.real, imag - c2.imag);
}
void Complex::display() const {
cout << "(" << real << ", " << imag << ")" << endl;
}
int main() {
Complex c1(5, 4), c2(2, 10), c3;
cout << "c1 = "; c1.display();
cout << "c2 = "; c2.display();
c3 = c1 - c2;
cout << "c3 = c1 - c2 = "; c3.display();
c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "c3 = c1 + c2 = "; c3.display();
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Clock {
public:
Clock(int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0);
void showTime() const;
Clock& operator ++ ();
Clock operator ++ (int);
private:
int hour, minute, second;
};
Clock::Clock(int hour, int minute, int second) {
if (0 <= hour && hour < 24 && 0 <= minute && minute < 60 && 0 <= second && second < 60) {
this->hour = hour;
this->minute = minute;
this->second = second;
} else
cout << "Time error!" << endl;
}
void Clock::showTime() const {
cout << hour << ":" << minute << ":" << second << endl;
}
Clock & Clock::operator ++ () {
second++;
if (second >= 60) {
second -= 60;
minute++;
if (minute >= 60) {
minute -= 60;
hour = (hour + 1) % 24;
}
}
return *this;
}
Clock Clock::operator ++ (int) {
Clock old = *this;
++(*this);
return old;
}
int main() {
Clock myClock(00, 00, 00);
cout << "First time output: ";
myClock.showTime();
cout << "Show myClock++: ";
(myClock++).showTime();
cout << "Show ++myClock: ";
(++myClock).showTime();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
public:
Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) { }
friend Complex operator + (const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator - (const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
friend ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const Complex &c);
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex operator + (const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) {
return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}
Complex operator - (const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) {
return Complex(c1.real - c2.real, c1.imag - c2.imag);
}
ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const Complex &c) {
out << "(" << c.real << ", " << c.imag << ")";
return out;
}
int main() {
Complex c1(5, 4), c2(2, 10), c3;
cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
c3 = c1 - c2;
cout << "c3 = c1 - c2 = " << c3 << endl;
c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "c3 = c1 + c2 = " << c3 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1 {
public:
virtual void display() const;
};
void Base1::display() const {
cout << "Base1::display()" << endl;
}
class Base2: public Base1 {
public:
void display() const;
};
void Base2::display() const {
cout << "Base2::display()" << endl;
}
class Derived: public Base2 {
public:
void display() const;
};
void Derived::display() const {
cout << "Derived::display()" << endl;
}
void fun(Base1 *ptr) {
ptr->display();
}
int main() {
Base1 base1;
Base2 base2;
Derived derived;
fun(&base1);
fun(&base2);
fun(&derived);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1 {
public:
virtual void display() const;
};
void Base1::display() const {
cout << "Base1::display()" << endl;
}
class Base2: public Base1 {
public:
void display() const;
};
void Base2::display() const {
cout << "Base2::display()" << endl;
}
class Derived: public Base2 {
public:
void display() const;
};
void Derived::display() const {
cout << "Derived::display()" << endl;
}
void fun(Base1 *ptr) {
ptr->display();
}
int main() {
Base1 base1;
Base2 base2;
Derived derived;
fun(&base1);
fun(&base2);
fun(&derived);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1 {
public:
virtual void display() const = 0;
};
class Base2: public Base1 {
public:
void display() const;
};
void Base2::display() const {
cout << "Base2::display()" << endl;
}
class Derived: public Base2 {
public:
void display() const;
};
void Derived::display() const {
cout << "Derived::display()" << endl;
}
void fun(Base1 *ptr) {
ptr->display();
}
int main() {
Base2 base2;
Derived derived;
fun(&base2);
fun(&derived);
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point
{
int _x, _y;
public:
Point(int x=0, int y=0) : _x(x), _y(y) {}
Point& operator++();
Point operator++(int);
Point& operator--();
Point operator--(int);
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& o, Point& p);
};
Point& Point::operator++()
{
_x++;
_y++;
return *this;
}
Point Point::operator++(int)
{
Point temp = *this;
++*this;
return temp;
}
Point& Point::operator--()
{
_x--;
_y--;
return *this;
}
Point Point::operator--(int)
{
Point temp = *this;
--*this;
return temp;
}
ostream& operator << (ostream& o, Point& p) {
o << '(' << p._x << ", " << p._y << ')';
return o;
}
int main()
{
Point p(1, 2);
cout << p << endl;
cout << p++ << endl;
cout << ++p << endl;
cout << p-- << endl;
cout << --p << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicl{
public:
int MaxSpeed;
int Weight;
virtual void Run(){cout << "vehicle run !" << endl; }
virtual void Stop(){cout << " vehicle stop ! " << endl;}
};
class Bicycle: virtual public Vehicl{
public:
int Height;
void Run(){
cout << "Bicycle run !" << endl;
}
void Stop(){
cout << " Bicycle stop ! " << endl;
}
};
class Motorcar: virtual public Vehicl{
public:
int SeatNum;
void Run(){
cout << "Motorcar run !" << endl;
}
void Stop(){
cout << " Motorcar stop ! " << endl;
}
};
class Motorcycle: public Motorcar,public Bicycle{
public:
void Run(){
cout << "Motorcycle run !" << endl;
}
void Stop(){
cout << " Motorcycle stop ! " << endl;
}
};
int main(){
Vehicl v;
v.Run();
v.Stop();
Bicycle b;
b.Run();
b.Stop();
Motorcar m;
m.Run();
m.Stop();
Motorcycle mc;
mc.Run();
mc.Stop();
Vehicl* vp = &v;
vp->Run();
vp->Stop();
vp = &b;
vp->Run();
vp->Stop();
vp = &m;
vp->Run();
vp->Stop();
vp = &mc;
vp->Run();
vp->Stop();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include "account.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Date date(2008, 11, 1);
SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
Account *accounts[] = { &sa1, &sa2, &ca };
const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
char cmd;
do {
date.show();
cout << "\tTotal: " << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand> ";
int index, day;
double amount;
string desc;
cin >> cmd;
switch (cmd) {
case 'd':
cin >> index >> amount;
getline(cin, desc);
accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 'w':
cin >> index >> amount;
getline(cin, desc);
accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 's':
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << "[" << i << "] ";
accounts[i]->show();
cout << endl;
}
break;
case 'c':
cin >> day;
if (day < date.getDay())
cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
cout << "Invalid day";
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case 'n':
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
accounts[i]->settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != 'e');
return 0;
}
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include <string>
class Account {
private:
std::string id;
double balance;
static double total;
protected:
Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
void error(const std::string &msg) const;
public:
const std::string &getId() const { return id; }
double getBalance() const { return balance; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
virtual void show() const;
};
class SavingsAccount : public Account {
private:
Accumulator acc;
double rate;
public:
SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
double getRate() const { return rate; }
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void settle(const Date &date);
};
class CreditAccount : public Account {
private:
Accumulator acc;
double credit;
double rate;
double fee;
double getDebt() const {
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
public:
CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
double getCredit() const { return credit; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
double getFee() const { return fee; }
double getAvailableCredit() const {
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void settle(const Date &date);
virtual void show() const;
};
#endif
#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double Account::total = 0;
Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id)
: id(id), balance(0) {
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::show() const {
cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
void Account::error(const string &msg) const {
cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate)
: Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) { }
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
if (date.getMonth() == 1) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate
/ (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
}
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
: Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) { }
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show() const {
Account::show();
cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}
#ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#define __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#include "date.h"
class Accumulator {
private:
Date lastDate;
double value;
double sum;
public:
Accumulator(const Date &date, double value)
: lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) { }
double getSum(const Date &date) const {
return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
}
void change(const Date &date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
}
void reset(const Date &date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
sum = 0;
}
};
#endif
#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__
class Date {
private:
int year;
int month;
int day;
int totalDays;
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day);
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
int getMaxDay() const;
bool isLeapYear() const {
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show() const;
int operator - (const Date& date) const {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
};
#endif
#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
namespace {
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
cout << "Invalid date: ";
show();
cout << endl;
exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}