java动态代理

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为了使代理类和被代理类对第三方有相同的函数,代理类和被代理类一般实现一个公共的interface,该interface定义如下

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public interface Calculator {
     public Integer add(Integer num1, Integer num2);
     public Integer minus(Integer num1, Integer num2);
}

被代理类定义如下

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public class CalculatorImpl implements Calculator {
 
     @Override
     public Integer add(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
         int ret = num1 + num2;
         System.out.println( "in calculatorImpl, res: " + ret);
         return ret;
     }
     
     @Override
     public Integer minus(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
         int ret = num1 - num2;
         System.out.println( "int calculatorImpl, res: " + ret);
         return ret;
     }
 
}

代理需求:在add函数和minus函数调用前后分别输出before invocation和after invocation字样

静态代理解决方案

代码如下:简单直接,无需赘言,如果calculator里边不仅有add和minus,还有divide,product,log,sin…呢,呵呵哒

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public class StaticCalculatorProxy implements Calculator {
     Calculator obj;
     
     public StaticCalculatorProxy(Calculator obj) {
         this .obj = obj;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Integer add(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
         System.out.println( "in StaticCalculatorProxy, before invocation" );
         Integer ret = obj.add(num1, num2);
         System.out.println( "in StaticCalculatorProxy, after invocation" );
         return ret;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Integer minus(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
         System.out.println( "in StaticCalculatorProxy, before invocation" );
         Integer ret = obj.minus(num1, num2);
         System.out.println( "in StaticCalculatorProxy, after invocation" );
         return ret;
     }
 
}

动态代理解决方案

首先编写实现InvocationHandler接口的类,用于请求转发,实现如下

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public class CalculatorHandler implements InvocationHandler {
     
     private Object obj; //被代理类
     
     public CalculatorHandler(Object obj) {
         this .obj = obj;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
         System.out.println( "in calculatorhandler, before invocation" );
         
         Object ret = method.invoke(obj, args);  //执行被代理类方法
         
         System.out.println( "in calculationhandler, after invocation" );
         return ret;
     }
 
}

生成动态代理

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CalculatorImpl calculatorImpl = new CalculatorImpl(); //被代理类
CalculatorHandler calculatorHandler = new CalculatorHandler(calculatorImpl);
Calculator calculator = (Calculator) Proxy.newProxyInstance(calculatorImpl.getClass().getClassLoader(), calculatorImpl.getClass().getInterfaces(), calculatorHandler);
System.out.println(calculator.add( 1 , 2 ));
System.out.println(calculator.minus( 1 , 2 ));

无论calculator中包含多少函数,动态代理只需实现一次,实际工程中,System.out.println(“in calculatorhandler, before invocation”)可能是加缓存,打日志等操作

动态代理如何工作的

为了搞清楚动态代理如何工作,首先看看生成的动态代理的代码是什么,借助[1]中ProxyUtil代码

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public class ProxyUtils {
 
     /**
      * Save proxy class to path
      *
      * @param path path to save proxy class
      * @param proxyClassName name of proxy class
      * @param interfaces interfaces of proxy class
      * @return
      */
     public static boolean saveProxyClass(String path, String proxyClassName, Class[] interfaces) {
         if (proxyClassName == null || path == null ) {
             return false ;
         }
 
         // get byte of proxy class
         byte [] classFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(proxyClassName, interfaces);
         FileOutputStream out = null ;
         try {
             out = new FileOutputStream(path);
             out.write(classFile);
             out.flush();
             return true ;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             try {
                 out.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
         return false ;
     }
}

得到了生成的动态代理代码如下:

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public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy
     implements Calculator
{
 
     public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler invocationhandler)
     {
         super (invocationhandler);
     }
 
     public final boolean equals(Object obj)
     {
         try
         {
             return ((Boolean) super .h.invoke( this , m1, new Object[] {
                 obj
             })).booleanValue();
         }
         catch (Error _ex) { }
         catch (Throwable throwable)
         {
             throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
         }
     }
 
     public final String toString()
     {
         try
         {
             return (String) super .h.invoke( this , m2, null );
         }
         catch (Error _ex) { }
         catch (Throwable throwable)
         {
             throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
         }
     }
 
     public final Integer minus(Integer integer, Integer integer1)
     {
         try
         {
             return (Integer) super .h.invoke( this , m4, new Object[] {
                 integer, integer1
             });
         }
         catch (Error _ex) { }
         catch (Throwable throwable)
         {
             throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
         }
     }
 
     public final Integer add(Integer integer, Integer integer1)
     {
         try
         {
             return (Integer) super .h.invoke( this , m3, new Object[] {
                 integer, integer1
             });
         }
         catch (Error _ex) { }
         catch (Throwable throwable)
         {
             throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
         }
     }
 
     public final int hashCode()
     {
         try
         {
             return ((Integer) super .h.invoke( this , m0, null )).intValue();
         }
         catch (Error _ex) { }
         catch (Throwable throwable)
         {
             throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
         }
     }
 
     private static Method m1;
     private static Method m2;
     private static Method m4;
     private static Method m3;
     private static Method m0;
 
     static
     {
         try
         {
             m1 = Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" ).getMethod( "equals" , new Class[] {
                 Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" )
             });
             m2 = Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" ).getMethod( "toString" , new Class[ 0 ]);
             m4 = Class.forName( "com.langrx.mq.Calculator" ).getMethod( "minus" , new Class[] {
                 Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" ), Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" )
             });
             m3 = Class.forName( "com.langrx.mq.Calculator" ).getMethod( "add" , new Class[] {
                 Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" ), Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" )
             });
             m0 = Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" ).getMethod( "hashCode" , new Class[ 0 ]);
         }
         catch (NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception)
         {
             throw new NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage());
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception)
         {
             throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage());
         }
     }
}

有点长,按照初始化顺序慢慢来分析,首先分析静态代码块:

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m1 = Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" ).getMethod( "equals" , new Class[] {
                     Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" )
                 });
m2 = Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" ).getMethod( "toString" , new Class[ 0 ]);
m4 = Class.forName( "com.langrx.mq.Calculator" ).getMethod( "minus" , new Class[] {
                     Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" ), Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" )
                 });
m3 = Class.forName( "com.langrx.mq.Calculator" ).getMethod( "add" , new Class[] {
                     Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" ), Class.forName( "java.lang.Integer" )
                 });
m0 = Class.forName( "java.lang.Object" ).getMethod( "hashCode" , new Class[ 0 ]);

得到公共interface中的add函数和minus函数对应的Method方法,同事也得到了equals,toString,hashCode三个函数的Method,所以调用代理类的equals,toString,hashCode也是要执行被代理类的方法的,知道这点很有必要

构造函数

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public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler invocationhandler)
{
         super (invocationhandler);
}

初始化了内部的InvocationHandler变量,也就是下文的super.h

以add为例看一下请求的转发

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public final Integer add(Integer integer, Integer integer1)
{
     try
     {
         return (Integer) super .h.invoke( this , m3, new Object[] {
             integer, integer1
         });
     }
     catch (Error _ex) { }
     catch (Throwable throwable)
     {
         throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
     }
}

super.h.invoke就是invocationhandler.invoke就是传入的CalculatorHandler中实现的

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@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
     System.out.println( "in calculatorhandler, before invocation" );
     
     Object ret = method.invoke(obj, args);  //执行被代理类方法
     
     System.out.println( "in calculationhandler, after invocation" );
     return ret;
}

最终执行的就是CalculatorHandler对应的invoke函数

总结

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Calculator calculator = (Calculator) Proxy.newProxyInstance(calculatorImpl.getClass().getClassLoader(), calculatorImpl.getClass().getInterfaces(), calculatorHandler);

生成动态代理的过程步骤如下[2]:

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// InvocationHandlerImpl 实现了 InvocationHandler 接口,并能实现方法调用从代理类到委托类的分派转发
// 其内部通常包含指向委托类实例的引用,用于真正执行分派转发过来的方法调用
InvocationHandler handler = new InvocationHandlerImpl(..);
  
// 通过 Proxy 为包括 Interface 接口在内的一组接口动态创建代理类的类对象
Class clazz = Proxy.getProxyClass(classLoader, new Class[] { Interface. class , ... });
  
// 通过反射从生成的类对象获得构造函数对象
Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor( new Class[] { InvocationHandler. class });
  
// 通过构造函数对象创建动态代理类实例
Interface Proxy = (Interface)constructor.newInstance( new Object[] { handler });

Proxy.newProxyInstance帮我们做了2,3,4步,直接返回给我们一个动态代理对象,代理对象最终执行InvocationHandler中invoke函数。顺便强推文章[2]


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