闲话少说,刚开始用SpringMVC, 页面要使用jquery的ajax请求Controller。 但总是失败,主要表现为以下两个异常为:
异常一:java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter
异常二:SpringMVC @ResponseBody 415错误处理
网上分析原因很多,但找了很久都没解决,基本是以下几类:
- springmvc添加配置、注解;
- pom.xml添加jackson包引用;
- Ajax请求时没有设置Content-Type为application/json
- 发送的请求内容不要转成JSON对象,直接发送JSON字符串即可
这些其实都没错!!!
以下是我分析的解决步骤方法:
(1)springMVC配置文件开启注解
-
- <mvc:annotation-driven />
(2)添加springMVC需要添加如下配置。 (这个要注意spring版本,3.x和4.x配置不同)
spring3.x是org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter
spring4.x是org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
具体可以查看spring-web的jar确认,哪个存在用哪个!
spring3.x配置:
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
- <property name="messageConverters">
- <list>
- <ref bean="jsonHttpMessageConverter" />
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
-
- <bean id="jsonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">
- <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
- <list>
- <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
spring4.x配置:
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
- <property name="messageConverters">
- <list>
- <ref bean="jsonHttpMessageConverter" />
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
-
- <bean id="jsonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
- <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
- <list>
- <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
(3)pom.xml添加jackson依赖(这个要注意spring版本,3.x和4.x配置不同)
如果是spring 3.x,pom.xml添加如下配置
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-core-lgpl</artifactId>
- <version>1.8.1</version>
- </dependency>
-
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-mapper-lgpl</artifactId>
- <version>1.8.1</version>
- </dependency></span>
spring4.x, pom.xml添加如下配置
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.2</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.2</version>
- </dependency>
这里要说明一下,spring3.x用的是org.codehaus.jackson的1.x版本,在maven资源库,已经不在维护,统一迁移到com.fasterxml.jackson,版本对应为2.x
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1b01dc713ecdb1103c74b8f07d9007cc.png)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150426030958632?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWl4aWFvcGluZw==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1b01dc713ecdb1103c74b8f07d9007cc.png)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1b01dc713ecdb1103c74b8f07d9007cc.png)
(4)ajax请求要求
- dataType 为 json
- contentType 为 'application/json;charse=UTF-8'
- data 转JSON字符串
我的代码:如下: (注意:这里只是针对POST +JSON字符串形式请求,后面我会详细讲解不同形式请求,的处理方法和案例)
- var data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : JSON.stringify(data),
- dataType: 'json',
- contentType:'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
(5) Controller 接收响应JSON
以上配置OK,Controller中使用JSON方式有多种。这里简单介绍几种。
这个关键在于ajax请求是将数据以什么形式传递到后台,这里我总结了三种形式
- POST + JSON字符串形式
- POST + JSON对象形式
- GET + 参数字符串
- 方式一: POST + JSON字符串形式,如下:
-
- var data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : JSON.stringify(data),
- dataType: 'json',
- contentType:'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
-
- ar data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : data,
- dataType: 'json',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
代码案例:
5-1: 使用@RequestBody来设置输入 ,@ResponseBody设置输出 (POST + JSON字符串形式)
JS请求:
-
- var data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : JSON.stringify(data),
- dataType: 'json',
- contentType:'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
Controller处理:
- @RequestMapping(value = "/unlock", method = RequestMethod.POST,consumes = "application/json")
- @ResponseBody
- public Object unlock(@RequestBody User user) {
- JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
-
- try{
- Assert.notNull(user.getUserAccount(), "解锁账号为空");
- Assert.notNull(user.getUserPasswd(), "解锁密码为空");
-
- User currentLoginUser = (User) MvcUtils.getSessionAttribute(Constants.LOGIN_USER);
- Assert.notNull(currentLoginUser, "登录用户已过期,请重新登录!");
-
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equals(user.getUserAccount(),currentLoginUser.getUserAccount()), "解锁账号错误");
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(user.getUserPasswd(),currentLoginUser.getUserPasswd()), "解锁密码错误");
-
- jsonObject.put("message", "解锁成功");
- jsonObject.put("status", "success");
- }catch(Exception ex){
- jsonObject.put("message", ex.getMessage());
- jsonObject.put("status", "error");
- }
- return jsonObject;
- }
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150426031724846?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWl4aWFvcGluZw==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
5-2: 使用HttpEntity来实现输入绑定,来ResponseEntit输出绑定(POST + JSON字符串形式)
JS请求:
-
- var data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : JSON.stringify(data),
- dataType: 'json',
- contentType:'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
Controller处理:
- @RequestMapping(value = "/unlock", method = RequestMethod.POST,consumes = "application/json")
- public ResponseEntity<Object> unlock(HttpEntity<User> user) {
- JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
-
- try{
- Assert.notNull(user.getBody().getUserAccount(), "解锁账号为空");
- Assert.notNull(user.getBody().getUserPasswd(), "解锁密码为空");
-
- User currentLoginUser = (User) MvcUtils.getSessionAttribute(Constants.LOGIN_USER);
- Assert.notNull(currentLoginUser, "登录用户已过期,请重新登录!");
-
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equals(user.getBody().getUserAccount(),currentLoginUser.getUserAccount()), "解锁账号错误");
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(user.getBody().getUserPasswd(),currentLoginUser.getUserPasswd()), "解锁密码错误");
-
- jsonObject.put("message", "解锁成功");
- jsonObject.put("status", "success");
- }catch(Exception ex){
- jsonObject.put("message", ex.getMessage());
- jsonObject.put("status", "error");
- }
- ResponseEntity<Object> responseResult = new ResponseEntity<Object>(jsonObject,HttpStatus.OK);
- return responseResult;
- }
5-3: 使用request.getParameter获取请求参数,响应JSON(POST + JSON对象形式) 和(GET + 参数字符串),Controller处理一样,区别在于是否加注解method ,
如果不加适用GET + POST ;
如果 method= RequestMethod.POST,用于POST 请求;
如果method=RequestMethod.GET,用于GET请求;
POST+ JSON对象形式请求:
- var data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : data,
- dataType: 'json',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
GET + 参数字符串请求:
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "GET",
- dataType: "text",
- data : "userAccount="+lock_username+"&userPasswd=" + hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase(),
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
Controller处理:
- @RequestMapping(value = "/unlock")
- public void unlock(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
-
- String userAccount = (String)request.getParameter("userAccount");
- String userPasswd = (String)request.getParameter("userPasswd");
- try{
- Assert.notNull(userAccount, "解锁账号为空");
- Assert.notNull(userPasswd, "解锁密码为空");
-
- User currentLoginUser = (User) MvcUtils.getSessionAttribute(Constants.LOGIN_USER);
- Assert.notNull(currentLoginUser, "登录用户已过期,请重新登录!");
-
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equals(userAccount,currentLoginUser.getUserAccount()), "解锁账号错误");
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(userPasswd,currentLoginUser.getUserPasswd()), "解锁密码错误");
-
- jsonObject.put("message", "解锁成功");
- jsonObject.put("status", "success");
- }catch(Exception ex){
- jsonObject.put("message", ex.getMessage());
- jsonObject.put("status", "error");
- }
-
- response.getWriter().print(jsonObject.toString());
- }
5-4: 使用@ModelAttribute将参数封装对象,响应JSON(POST + JSON对象形式) 和(GET + 参数字符串),Controller处理一样,区别在于是否加注解method 。
如果不加适用GET + POST ;
如果 method= RequestMethod.POST,用于POST 请求;
如果method=RequestMethod.GET,用于GET请求;
POST+ JSON对象形式请求:
- var data = {
- userAccount: lock_username,
- userPasswd:hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase()
- }
-
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "POST",
- data : data,
- dataType: 'json',
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
GET + 参数字符串请求:
- $.ajax({
- url : ctx + "/unlock.do",
- type : "GET",
- dataType: "text",
- data : "userAccount="+lock_username+"&userPasswd=" + hex_md5(lock_password).toUpperCase(),
- success : function(result) {
- console.log(result);
- }
- });
Controller处理:(这个案例只支持POST)
- @RequestMapping(value = "/unlock",method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public void unlock(@ModelAttribute("user") User user,PrintWriter printWriter) throws IOException {
- JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
-
- try{
- Assert.notNull(user.getUserAccount(), "解锁账号为空");
- Assert.notNull(user.getUserPasswd(), "解锁密码为空");
-
- User currentLoginUser = (User) MvcUtils.getSessionAttribute(Constants.LOGIN_USER);
- Assert.notNull(currentLoginUser, "登录用户已过期,请重新登录!");
-
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equals(user.getUserAccount(),currentLoginUser.getUserAccount()), "解锁账号错误");
- Assert.isTrue(StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(user.getUserPasswd(),currentLoginUser.getUserPasswd()), "解锁密码错误");
-
- jsonObject.put("message", "解锁成功");
- jsonObject.put("status", "success");
- }catch(Exception ex){
- jsonObject.put("message", ex.getMessage());
- jsonObject.put("status", "error");
- }
- printWriter.print(jsonObject.toString());
- }