实现单例模式的几种方式

饿汉模式

• 优点：线程安全，代码简单
• 缺点：不能延迟加载

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return singleton;
    }
}

懒汉模式

• 版本一
  • 优点：简单，延迟加载
  • 缺点：线程不安全

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return new Singleton();
    }
}

 

• 版本2
  • 优点：代码简单；延迟加载
  • 缺点：线程不安全

 

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    private static Singleton singleton;
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (singleton == null)
            singleton = new Singleton();
        
        return singleton;
    }
}

• 版本3
  • 优点：能延迟加载，对单线程程序无影响
  • 缺点 ：线程不安

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
        if (singleton == null)
            singleton = new Singleton();
        
        return singleton;
    }
}

• 版本4——双重检查锁定+volatile关键字
  • 优点：能延迟加载，也能保证线程安全
  • 缺点：代码复杂

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}
    private static volatile Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (singleton == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (singleton == null) {
                    singleton = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }

        return singleton;
    }
} 

延迟初始化占位符 

• 优点：能延迟加载，也能保证线程安全

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}

    private static class InstanceHolder{
        public static final Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    }
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return InstanceHolder.singleton;
    }
}

枚举

public enum Singleton {
    INSTANCE;
    public void someMethod() {
    }
}