Using CString

1. Creating CString Objects from Standard C Literal Strings

    You can assign C-style literal strings to a CString just as you can assign one CString object to another.

     1.1）Assign the value of a C literal string to a CString object.

              CString myString = _T("This is a test");

     1.2）Assign the value of one CString to another CString object.

              CString oldString = _T("This is a test");
              CString newString = oldString;

           The contents of a CString object are copied when one CString object is assigned to another.

           Therefore, the two strings do not share a reference to the actual characters that make up the string.

    Note：To write your application so that it can be compiled for Unicode or for ANSI, code literal strings by using the _T macro.

2. Concatenating Two CString Objects

   To concatenate two CString objects, use the concatenation operators (+ or +=), as follows.

    CString s1 = _T("This ");        // Cascading concatenation
    s1 += _T("is a ");
    CString s2 = _T("test");
    CString message = s1 + _T("big ") + s2;  
    // Message contains "This is a big test".

   At least one argument to the concatenation operators (+ or +=) must be a CString object, but you can use a

   constant character string (for example, "big") or a char (for example, 'x') for the other argument.

3. Public Methods

Name	Description
CStringT::AllocSysString	Allocates a BSTR from CStringT data.
CStringT::AnsiToOem	Makes an in-place conversion from the ANSI character set to the OEM character set.
CStringT::AppendFormat	Appends formatted data to an existing CStringT object.
CStringT::Collate	Compares two strings (case sensitive, uses locale-specific information).
CStringT::CollateNoCase	Compares two strings (case insensitive, uses locale-specific information).
CStringT::Compare	Compares two strings (case sensitive).
CStringT::CompareNoCase	Compares two strings (case insensitive).
CStringT::Delete	Deletes a character or characters from a string.
CStringT::Find	Finds a character or substring inside a larger string.
CStringT::FindOneOf	Finds the first matching character from a set.
CStringT::Format	Formats the string as sprintf does.
CStringT::FormatMessage	Formats a message string.
CStringT::FormatMessageV	Formats a message string using a variable argument list.
CStringT::FormatV	Formats the string using a variable list of arguments.
CStringT::GetEnvironmentVariable	Sets the string to the value of the specified environment variable.
CStringT::Insert	Inserts a single character or a substring at the given index within the string.
CStringT::Left	Extracts the left part of a string.
CStringT::LoadString	Loads an existing CStringT object from a Windows resource.
CStringT::MakeLower	Converts all the characters in this string to lowercase characters.
CStringT::MakeReverse	Reverses the string.
CStringT::MakeUpper	Converts all the characters in this string to uppercase characters.
CStringT::Mid	Extracts the middle part of a string.
CStringT::OemToAnsi	Makes an in-place conversion from the OEM character set to the ANSI character set.
CStringT::Remove	Removes indicated characters from a string.
CStringT::Replace	Replaces indicated characters with other characters.
CStringT::ReverseFind	Finds a character inside a larger string; starts from the end.
CStringT::Right	Extracts the right part of a string.
CStringT::SetSysString	Sets an existing BSTR object with data from a CStringT object.
CStringT::SpanExcluding	Extracts characters from the string, starting with the first character, that are not in the set of characters identified by pszCharSet.
CStringT::SpanIncluding	Extracts a substring that contains only the characters in a set.
CStringT::Tokenize	Extracts specified tokens in a target string.
CStringT::Trim	Trims all leading and trailing whitespace characters from the string.
CStringT::TrimLeft	Trims leading whitespace characters from the string.
CStringT::TrimRight	Trims trailing whitespace characters from the string.

4. Operators

CStringT::operator =	Assigns a new value to a CStringT object.
CStringT::operator +	Concatenates two strings or a character and a string.
CStringT::operator +=	Concatenates a new string to the end of an existing string.
CStringT::operator ==	Determines if two strings are logically equal.
CStringT::operator !=	Determines if two strings are logically not equal.
CStringT::operator <	Determines if the string on the left side of the operator is less than to the string on the right side.
CStringT::operator >	Determines if the string on the left side of the operator is greater than to the string on the right side.
CStringT::operator <=	Determines if the string on the left side of the operator is less than or equal to the string on the right side.
CStringT::operator >=	Determines if the string on the left side of the operator is greater than or equal to the string on the right side.

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（11）CStringT::Format

            Writes formatted data to a CStringT in the same way that sprintf_s formats data into a C-style character array.

            void __cdecl Format(
                   UINT nFormatID,
                   [, argument]...
             );
            void __cdecl Format(
                   PCXSTR pszFormat,
                   [, argument]...
            );

            Parameters

                nFormatID

                           The string resource identifier that contains the format-control string.

                pszFormat

                           A format-control string.

                argument

                           Optional arguments.

           Remarks

               This function formats and stores a series of characters and values in the CStringT. Each optional argument

                   (if any) is converted and output according to the corresponding format specification in pszFormat or from

                   the string resource identified by nFormatID.

              The call will fail if the string object itself is offered as a parameter to Format. For example, the following code

                  will cause unpredictable results:

                  CAtlString str = _T("Some Data");
                  str.Format(_T("%s%d"), str, 123);   
                  // Attention: str is also used in the parameter list.

           Example

                // typedef CStringT<TCHAR, StrTraitATL<TCHAR, ChTraitsCRT<TCHAR>>> CAtlString;
                CAtlString str;

                str.Format(_T("Floating point: %.2f\n"), 12345.12345);
                 _tprintf_s(_T("%s"), (LPCTSTR) str);

                str.Format(_T("Left-justified integer: %.6d\n"), 35);
                _tprintf_s(_T("%s"), (LPCTSTR) str);