逻辑回归分类、决策树分类、朴素贝叶斯分类及手写数字识别

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 11:11:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 11:11:41 发布

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逻辑回归

使用逻辑回归进行鸢尾花分类：

import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from sklearn import preprocessing
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline


def iris_type(s):
    it = {b'Iris-setosa': 0, b'Iris-versicolor': 1, b'Iris-virginica': 2}
    return it[s]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    path = u'8.iris.data'  # 数据文件路径

    # # # 手写读取数据
    # # f = file(path)
    # # x = []
    # # y = []
    # # for d in f:
    # #     d = d.strip()
    # #     if d:
    # #         d = d.split(',')
    # #         y.append(d[-1])
    # #         x.append(map(float, d[:-1]))
    # # print '原始数据X：\n', x
    # # print '原始数据Y：\n', y
    # # x = np.array(x)
    # # print 'Numpy格式X：\n', x
    # # y = np.array(y)
    # # print 'Numpy格式Y - 1:\n', y
    # # y[y == 'Iris-setosa'] = 0
    # # y[y == 'Iris-versicolor'] = 1
    # # y[y == 'Iris-virginica'] = 2
    # # print 'Numpy格式Y - 2:\n', y
    # # y = y.astype(dtype=np.int)
    # # print 'Numpy格式Y - 3:\n', y
    #
    # # 使用sklearn的数据预处理
    # df = pd.read_csv(path, header=0)
    # x = df.values[:, :-1]
    # y = df.values[:, -1]
    # print 'x = \n', x
    # print 'y = \n', y
    # le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
    # le.fit(['Iris-setosa', 'Iris-versicolor', 'Iris-virginica'])
    # print le.classes_
    # y = le.transform(y)
    # print 'Last Version, y = \n', y
    #
    # # 路径，浮点型数据，逗号分隔，第4列使用函数iris_type单独处理
    data = np.loadtxt(path, dtype=float, delimiter=',', converters={4: iris_type})
    print(data)
    # 将数据的0到3列组成x，第4列得到y
    x, y = np.split(data, (4,), axis=1)

    # 为了可视化，仅使用前两列特征
    x = x[:, :2]
    #
    # print(x)
    # print(y)
    #
    # x = StandardScaler().fit_transform(x)
    # lr = LogisticRegression()   # Logistic回归模型
    #     lr.fit(x, y.ravel())        # 根据数据[x,y]，计算回归参数
    #
    # 等价形式
    lr = Pipeline([('sc', StandardScaler()),
                        ('clf', LogisticRegression()) ])
    lr.fit(x, y.ravel())

    # 画图
    N, M = 500, 500     # 横纵各采样多少个值
    x1_min, x1_max = x[:, 0].min(), x[:, 0].max()   # 第0列的范围
    x2_min, x2_max = x[:, 1].min(), x[:, 1].max()   # 第1列的范围
    t1 = np.linspace(x1_min, x1_max, N)
    t2 = np.linspace(x2_min, x2_max, M)
    x1, x2 = np.meshgrid(t1, t2)                    # 生成网格采样点
    x_test = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat), axis=1)   # 测试点

    # 无意义，只是为了凑另外两个维度
    # x3 = np.ones(x1.size) * np.average(x[:, 2])
    # x4 = np.ones(x1.size) * np.average(x[:, 3])
    # x_test = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat, x3, x4), axis=1)  # 测试点

    cm_light = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#77E0A0', '#FF8080', '#A0A0FF'])
    cm_dark = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['g', 'r', 'b'])
    y_hat = lr.predict(x_test)                  # 预测值
    y_hat = y_hat.reshape(x1.shape)                 # 使之与输入的形状相同
    plt.pcolormesh(x1, x2, y_hat, cmap=cm_light)     # 预测值的显示
    plt.scatter(x[:, 0], x[:, 1], edgecolors='k', s=50, cmap=cm_dark)    # 样本的显示
    plt.xlabel('petal length')
    plt.ylabel('petal width')
    plt.xlim(x1_min, x1_max)
    plt.ylim(x2_min, x2_max)
    plt.grid()
    plt.savefig('2.png')
    plt.show()

    # 训练集上的预测结果
    y_hat = lr.predict(x)
    y = y.reshape(-1)
    result = y_hat == y
    print(y_hat)
    print (result)
    acc = np.mean(result)
    print ('准确度: %.2f%%' % (100 * acc))

结果：准确度: 79.33%，分类如下所示：

使用决策树对鸢尾花数据进行分类：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline


def iris_type(s):
    it = {b'Iris-setosa': 0, b'Iris-versicolor': 1, b'Iris-virginica': 2}
    return it[s]


# 花萼长度、花萼宽度，花瓣长度，花瓣宽度
# iris_feature = 'sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width'
iris_feature = u'花萼长度', u'花萼宽度', u'花瓣长度', u'花瓣宽度'

if __name__ == "__main__":
    mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
    mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

    path = '..\\8.iris.data'  # 数据文件路径
    data = np.loadtxt(path, dtype=float, delimiter=',', converters={4: iris_type})
    print(data)
    x, y = np.split(data, (4,), axis=1)
    # 为了可视化，仅使用前两列特征
    x = x[:, :2]
    x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=1)
    model = Pipeline([
        ('ss', StandardScaler()),
        ('DTC', DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy', max_depth=3))])
   
    model = model.fit(x_train, y_train)
    y_test_hat = model.predict(x_test)      # 测试数据

   
    f = open('.\\iris_tree.dot', 'w')
    tree.export_graphviz(model.get_params('DTC')['DTC'], out_file=f)

    # 画图
    N, M = 100, 100  # 横纵各采样多少个值
    x1_min, x1_max = x[:, 0].min(), x[:, 0].max()  # 第0列的范围
    x2_min, x2_max = x[:, 1].min(), x[:, 1].max()  # 第1列的范围
    t1 = np.linspace(x1_min, x1_max, N)
    t2 = np.linspace(x2_min, x2_max, M)
    x1, x2 = np.meshgrid(t1, t2)  # 生成网格采样点
    x_show = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat), axis=1)  # 测试点


    cm_light = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#A0FFA0', '#FFA0A0', '#A0A0FF'])
    cm_dark = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['g', 'r', 'b'])
    y_show_hat = model.predict(x_show)  # 预测值
    y_show_hat = y_show_hat.reshape(x1.shape)  # 使之与输入的形状相同
    plt.figure(facecolor='w')
    plt.pcolormesh(x1, x2, y_show_hat, cmap=cm_light)  # 预测值的显示
    plt.scatter(x_test[:, 0], x_test[:, 1], c=y_test.ravel(), edgecolors='k', s=100, cmap=cm_dark, marker='o')  # 测试数据
    plt.scatter(x[:, 0], x[:, 1], c=y.ravel(), edgecolors='k', s=40, cmap=cm_dark)  # 全部数据
    plt.xlabel(iris_feature[0], fontsize=15)
    plt.ylabel(iris_feature[1], fontsize=15)
    plt.xlim(x1_min, x1_max)
    plt.ylim(x2_min, x2_max)
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.title(u'鸢尾花数据的决策树分类', fontsize=17)
    plt.show()

    # 训练集上的预测结果
    y_test = y_test.reshape(-1)
    print (y_test_hat)
    print (y_test)
    result = (y_test_hat == y_test)   # True则预测正确，False则预测错误
    acc = np.mean(result)
    print('准确度: %.2f%%',(100 * acc))

    # 过拟合：错误率
    depth = np.arange(1, 15)
    err_list = []
    for d in depth:
        clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy', max_depth=d)
        clf = clf.fit(x_train, y_train)
        y_test_hat = clf.predict(x_test)  # 测试数据
        result = (y_test_hat == y_test)  # True则预测正确，False则预测错误
        err = 1 - np.mean(result)
        err_list.append(err)
        print (d, ' 准确度: %.2f%%' , (100 * err))
    plt.figure(facecolor='w')
    plt.plot(depth, err_list, 'ro-', lw=2)
    plt.xlabel(u'决策树深度', fontsize=15)
    plt.ylabel(u'错误率', fontsize=15)
    plt.title(u'决策树深度与过拟合', fontsize=17)
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.show()

结果：准确度: %.2f%% 80.0，分类结果如下所示：

手写图片数字识别：

import numpy as np
from sklearn import svm
import matplotlib.colors
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
import os


def show_accuracy(a, b, tip):
    acc = a.ravel() == b.ravel()
    print(tip + '正确率：%.2f%%' % (100*np.mean(acc)))


def save_image(im, i):
    im *= 15.9375
    im = 255 - im
    a = im.astype(np.uint8)
    output_path = '.\\HandWritten'
    if not os.path.exists(output_path):
        os.mkdir(output_path)
    Image.fromarray(a).save(output_path + ('\\%d.png' % i))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print('Load Training File Start...')
    data = np.loadtxt('14.optdigits.tra', dtype=np.float, delimiter=',')
    x, y = np.split(data, (-1, ), axis=1)
    images = x.reshape(-1, 8, 8)
    y = y.ravel().astype(np.int)

    print('Load Test Data Start...')
    data = np.loadtxt('14.optdigits.tes', dtype=np.float, delimiter=',')
    x_test, y_test = np.split(data, (-1, ), axis=1)
    images_test = x_test.reshape(-1, 8, 8)
    y_test = y_test.ravel().astype(np.int)
    print('Load Data OK...')

    matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
    matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
    plt.figure(figsize=(15, 9), facecolor='w')
    for index, image in enumerate(images[:16]):
        plt.subplot(4, 8, index + 1)
        plt.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r, interpolation='nearest')
        plt.title(u'训练图片: %i' % y[index])
    for index, image in enumerate(images_test[:16]):
        plt.subplot(4, 8, index + 17)
        plt.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r, interpolation='nearest')
        save_image(image.copy(), index)
        plt.title(u'测试图片: %i' % y_test[index])
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

    clf = svm.SVC(C=1, kernel='rbf', gamma=0.001)   # ~ kNN
    print('Start Learning...')
    clf.fit(x, y)
    print ('Learning is OK...')
    y_hat = clf.predict(x)
    show_accuracy(y, y_hat, '训练集')
    y_hat = clf.predict(x_test)
    print (y_hat)
    print (y_test)
    show_accuracy(y_test, y_hat, '测试集')

    err_images = images_test[y_test != y_hat]
    err_y_hat = y_hat[y_test != y_hat]
    err_y = y_test[y_test != y_hat]
    print (err_y_hat)
    print (err_y)
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8), facecolor='w')
    for index, image in enumerate(err_images):
        if index >= 12:
            break
        plt.subplot(3, 4, index + 1)
        plt.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r, interpolation='nearest')
        plt.title(u'错分为：%i，真实值：%i' % (err_y_hat[index], err_y[index]))
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

结果：

训练集正确率：99.82%
[0 1 2 ... 8 9 8]
[0 1 2 ... 8 9 8]
测试集正确率：98.27%
[9 1 1 1 9 5 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 1 9 9 1 3 8 9 9 9 9 1 4 8 3 5 5 1]
[5 2 2 2 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 6 7 3 8 8 8 8 9 9 3 8 8 8 8 0 4 9 9 3 8]

朴素贝叶斯分类：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB, MultinomialNB
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier


def iris_type(s):
    it = {b'Iris-setosa': 0, b'Iris-versicolor': 1, b'Iris-virginica': 2}
    return it[s]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    data = np.loadtxt('8.iris.data', dtype=float, delimiter=',', converters={4: iris_type})
    print(data)
    x, y = np.split(data, (4,), axis=1)
    x = x[:, :2]
    print(x)
    print(y)

    gnb = Pipeline([
        ('sc', StandardScaler()),
        ('clf', GaussianNB())])
    gnb.fit(x, y.ravel())
    # gnb = MultinomialNB().fit(x, y.ravel())
    # gnb = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5).fit(x, y.ravel())

    # 画图
    N, M = 500, 500     # 横纵各采样多少个值
    x1_min, x1_max = x[:, 0].min(), x[:, 0].max()   # 第0列的范围
    x2_min, x2_max = x[:, 1].min(), x[:, 1].max()   # 第1列的范围
    t1 = np.linspace(x1_min, x1_max, N)
    t2 = np.linspace(x2_min, x2_max, M)
    x1, x2 = np.meshgrid(t1, t2)                    # 生成网格采样点
    x_test = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat), axis=1)   # 测试点

    # 无意义，只是为了凑另外两个维度
    # x3 = np.ones(x1.size) * np.average(x[:, 2])
    # x4 = np.ones(x1.size) * np.average(x[:, 3])
    # x_test = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat, x3, x4), axis=1)  # 测试点

    mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'simHei']
    mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
    cm_light = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#77E0A0', '#FF8080', '#A0A0FF'])
    cm_dark = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['g', 'r', 'b'])
    y_hat = gnb.predict(x_test)                  # 预测值
    y_hat = y_hat.reshape(x1.shape)                 # 使之与输入的形状相同
    plt.figure(facecolor='w')
    plt.pcolormesh(x1, x2, y_hat, cmap=cm_light)     # 预测值的显示
    plt.scatter(x[:, 0], x[:, 1], edgecolors='k', s=50, cmap=cm_dark)    # 样本的显示
    plt.xlabel(u'花萼长度', fontsize=14)
    plt.ylabel(u'花萼宽度', fontsize=14)
    plt.xlim(x1_min, x1_max)
    plt.ylim(x2_min, x2_max)
    plt.title(u'GaussianNB对鸢尾花数据的分类结果', fontsize=18)
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.show()

    # 训练集上的预测结果
    y_hat = gnb.predict(x)
    y = y.reshape(-1)
    result = y_hat == y
    print(y_hat)
    print(result)
    acc = np.mean(result)
    print('准确度: %.2f%%' % (100 * acc))

结果：准确度: 78.00%，分类效果如下所示：