使用 XSLT 将 XML 转换为 XHTML

1. 什么是XSLT
大家可能听说过XSL(eXtensible Stylesheet Language)，XSL和我们这里说的XSLT从狭义上理解是一样的,而按照W3C的标准，XSLT的说法更严格些，因此我们在文章中统一使用 XSLT的称法。XSLT的英文标准名称为eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation。根据W3C的规范说明书(http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt)，最早设计XSLT的用意是帮助XML文档(document)转换为其它文档。但是随着发展，XSLT已不仅仅用于将XML转换为HTML或其它文本格式，更全面的定义应该是： XSLT是一种用来转换XML文档结构的语言。

2. 为什么要用XSLT
我们已经知道，XML是一种电脑程序间交换原始数据的简单而标准的方法。它的成功并不在于它容易被人们书写和阅读，更重要的是，它从根本上解决了应用系统间的信息交换。因为XML满足了两个基本的需求：
(1).将数据和表达形式分离。就象天气预报的信息可以显示在不同的设备上，电视，手机或者其它。
(2).在不同的应用之间传输数据。电子商务数据交换的与日俱增使得这种需求越来越紧迫。
为了使数据便于人们的阅读理解，我们需要将信息显示出来或者打印出来，例如将数据变成一个HTML文件，一个PDF文件，甚至是一段声音；同样，为了使数据适合不同的应用程序，我们必须有能够将一种数据格式转换为另一种数据格式，比如需求格式可能是一个文本文件，一个SQL语句，一个HTTP信息，一定顺序的数据调用等。而XSLT就是我们用来实现这种转换功能的语言。将XML转换为HTML，是目前XSLT最主要的功能。

3.如何使用XSLT

我们首先需要创建一个xsl文档并在文档顶端声明XSLT命名空间，根据 W3C 的 XSLT 标准，声明 XSL 样式表的正确方法是:

< xsl:stylesheet version ="1.0" xmlns:xsl ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" >

或者：

< xsl:transform version ="1.0" xmlns:xsl ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" >

这两种声明方式意义完全相同，不知道为什么W3C会使用两种方式声明。完整的xsl文档内容如下：

cdcatalog.xsl

1 <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
2   < xsl:stylesheet version ="1.0" xmlns:xsl ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" >
3 < xsl:template match ="/" >
4 < html >
5 < body >
6 < h2 > My CD Collection </ h2 >
7 < table border ="1" >
8 < tr bgcolor ="#9acd32" >
9 < th align ="left" > Title </ th >
10 < th align ="left" > Artist </ th >
11 < th align ="left" > Price </ th >
12 </ tr >
13 < xsl:for-each select ="catalog/cd" >
14 < tr >
15 < td >
16 < xsl:value-of select ="title" />
17 </ td >
18 < td >
19 < xsl:value-of select ="artist" />
20 </ td >
21 < td >
22 < xsl:value-of select ="price" />
23 </ td >
24 </ tr >
25 </ xsl:for-each >
26 </ table >
27 </ body >
28 </ html >
29 </ xsl:template >
30   </ xsl:stylesheet >
31  

接下来，我们需要再创建一个保存数据的xml文档：

cdcatalog.xml

1 <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
2   < catalog >
3 < cd >
4 < title > Empire Burlesque </ title >
5 < artist > Bob Dylan </ artist >
6 < country > USA </ country >
7 < company > Columbia </ company >
8 < price > 10.90 </ price >
9 < year > 1985 </ year >
10 </ cd >
11 < cd >
12 < title > Hide your heart </ title >
13 < artist > Bonnie Tyler </ artist >
14 < country > UK </ country >
15 < company > CBS Records </ company >
16 < price > 9.90 </ price >
17 < year > 1988 </ year >
18 </ cd >
19 < cd >
20 < title > Greatest Hits </ title >
21 < artist > Dolly Parton </ artist >
22 < country > USA </ country >
23 < company > RCA </ company >
24 < price > 9.90 </ price >
25 < year > 1982 </ year >
26 </ cd >
27 < cd >
28 < title > Still got the blues </ title >
29 < artist > Gary Moore </ artist >
30 < country > UK </ country >
31 < company > Virgin records </ company >
32 < price > 10.20 </ price >
33 < year > 1990 </ year >
34 </ cd >
35 < cd >
36 < title > Eros </ title >
37 < artist > Eros Ramazzotti </ artist >
38 < country > EU </ country >
39 < company > BMG </ company >
40 < price > 9.90 </ price >
41 < year > 1997 </ year >
42 </ cd >
43 < cd >
44 < title > One night only </ title >
45 < artist > Bee Gees </ artist >
46 < country > UK </ country >
47 < company > Polydor </ company >
48 < price > 10.90 </ price >
49 < year > 1998 </ year >
50 </ cd >
51 < cd >
52 < title > Sylvias Mother </ title >
53 < artist > Dr.Hook </ artist >
54 < country > UK </ country >
55 < company > CBS </ company >
56 < price > 8.10 </ price >
57 < year > 1973 </ year >
58 </ cd >
59 < cd >
60 < title > Maggie May </ title >
61 < artist > Rod Stewart </ artist >
62 < country > UK </ country >
63 < company > Pickwick </ company >
64 < price > 8.50 </ price >
65 < year > 1990 </ year >
66 </ cd >
67 < cd >
68 < title > Romanza </ title >
69 < artist > Andrea Bocelli </ artist >
70 < country > EU </ country >
71 < company > Polydor </ company >
72 < price > 10.80 </ price >
73 < year > 1996 </ year >
74 </ cd >
75 < cd >
76 < title > When a man loves a woman </ title >
77 < artist > Percy Sledge </ artist >
78 < country > USA </ country >
79 < company > Atlantic </ company >
80 < price > 8.70 </ price >
81 < year > 1987 </ year >
82 </ cd >
83 < cd >
84 < title > Black angel </ title >
85 < artist > Savage Rose </ artist >
86 < country > EU </ country >
87 < company > Mega </ company >
88 < price > 10.90 </ price >
89 < year > 1995 </ year >
90 </ cd >
91 < cd >
92 < title > 1999 Grammy Nominees </ title >
93 < artist > Many </ artist >
94 < country > USA </ country >
95 < company > Grammy </ company >
96 < price > 10.20 </ price >
97 < year > 1999 </ year >
98 </ cd >
99 < cd >
100 < title > For the good times </ title >
101 < artist > Kenny Rogers </ artist >
102 < country > UK </ country >
103 < company > Mucik Master </ company >
104 < price > 8.70 </ price >
105 < year > 1995 </ year >
106 </ cd >
107 < cd >
108 < title > Big Willie style </ title >
109 < artist > Will Smith </ artist >
110 < country > USA </ country >
111 < company > Columbia </ company >
112 < price > 9.90 </ price >
113 < year > 1997 </ year >
114 </ cd >
115 < cd >
116 < title > Tupelo Honey </ title >
117 < artist > Van Morrison </ artist >
118 < country > UK </ country >
119 < company > Polydor </ company >
120 < price > 8.20 </ price >
121 < year > 1971 </ year >
122 </ cd >
123 < cd >
124 < title > Soulsville </ title >
125 < artist > Jorn Hoel </ artist >
126 < country > Norway </ country >
127 < company > WEA </ company >
128 < price > 7.90 </ price >
129 < year > 1996 </ year >
130 </ cd >
131 < cd >
132 < title > The very best of </ title >
133 < artist > Cat Stevens </ artist >
134 < country > UK </ country >
135 < company > Island </ company >
136 < price > 8.90 </ price >
137 < year > 1990 </ year >
138 </ cd >
139 < cd >
140 < title > Stop </ title >
141 < artist > Sam Brown </ artist >
142 < country > UK </ country >
143 < company > A and M </ company >
144 < price > 8.90 </ price >
145 < year > 1988 </ year >
146 </ cd >
147 < cd >
148 < title > Bridge of Spies </ title >
149 < artist > T`Pau </ artist >
150 < country > UK </ country >
151 < company > Siren </ company >
152 < price > 7.90 </ price >
153 < year > 1987 </ year >
154 </ cd >
155 < cd >
156 < title > Private Dancer </ title >
157 < artist > Tina Turner </ artist >
158 < country > UK </ country >
159 < company > Capitol </ company >
160 < price > 8.90 </ price >
161 < year > 1983 </ year >
162 </ cd >
163 < cd >
164 < title > Midt om natten </ title >
165 < artist > Kim Larsen </ artist >
166 < country > EU </ country >
167 < company > Medley </ company >
168 < price > 7.80 </ price >
169 < year > 1983 </ year >
170 </ cd >
171 < cd >
172 < title > Pavarotti Gala Concert </ title >
173 < artist > Luciano Pavarotti </ artist >
174 < country > UK </ country >
175 < company > DECCA </ company >
176 < price > 9.90 </ price >
177 < year > 1991 </ year >
178 </ cd >
179 < cd >
180 < title > The dock of the bay </ title >
181 < artist > Otis Redding </ artist >
182 < country > USA </ country >
183 < company > Atlantic </ company >
184 < price > 7.90 </ price >
185 < year > 1987 </ year >
186 </ cd >
187 < cd >
188 < title > Picture book </ title >
189 < artist > Simply Red </ artist >
190 < country > EU </ country >
191 < company > Elektra </ company >
192 < price > 7.20 </ price >
193 < year > 1985 </ year >
194 </ cd >
195 < cd >
196 < title > Red </ title >
197 < artist > The Communards </ artist >
198 < country > UK </ country >
199 < company > London </ company >
200 < price > 7.80 </ price >
201 < year > 1987 </ year >
202 </ cd >
203 < cd >
204 < title > Unchain my heart </ title >
205 < artist > Joe Cocker </ artist >
206 < country > USA </ country >
207 < company > EMI </ company >
208 < price > 8.20 </ price >
209 < year > 1987 </ year >
210 </ cd >
211   </ catalog >

 最后一步，为了使用xsl样式表把xml转换为XHTML，我们将xsl样式表引用添加到xml文档中：

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdcatalog.xsl"?>
3  <catalog>
4 <cd>
5 <title>Empire Burlesque</title>
6 <artist>Bob Dylan</artist>
7 <country>USA</country>
8 <company>Columbia</company>
9 <price>10.90</price>
10 <year>1985</year>
11 </cd>
12 ...
13  </catalog>

好了，现在我们用浏览器打开cdcatalog.xml文档，可以发现xml格式的数据变为表格了，就像我们用html语言编写的也没一样，很神奇吧!

 

参考资料：

1.百度知道xslt是什么文件

2.百度百科XSLT

3.W3cSchool的XSLT基础

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/newstar/archive/2010/03/31/1701809.html