ElasticSearch(名称太长,后面简称ES)作为一个搜索引擎,目前可谓是如日中天,几乎和solr齐驾并驱。关于他能做什么,跟云计算有什么关系,在此不再描述。但是ES的官方文档,特别是关于java的客户端文档,真是少的可怜,甚至连个完整的增删改的示例都没有。在此,我就献丑了。
在开始讲解之前,还是先做个铺垫,为了能够有一个可以索引的模型,我们自定义了一个模型,暂时起个名称叫LogModel吧,这个模型有各种数据类型,int,long,String,list,但千万不要认为这是跟记录日志有关的一个模型。作为索引的一个最简单模型。代码如下:
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Random;
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import java.util.UUID;
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public class LogModel {
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private long id;
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private int subId;
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private String systemName;
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private String host;
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private String desc;
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private List<Integer> catIds;
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public LogModel(){
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Random random = new Random();
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this.id = Math.abs(random.nextLong());
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int subId = Math.abs(random.nextInt());
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this.subId = subId;
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List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(5);
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for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
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list.add(Math.abs(random.nextInt()));
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}
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this.catIds = list;
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this.systemName = subId%1 == 0?"oa":"cms";
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this.host = subId%1 == 0?"10.0.0.1":"10.2.0.1";
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this.desc = "中文" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
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}
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public LogModel(long id,int subId,String sysName,String host,String desc,List<Integer> catIds){
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this.id = id;
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this.subId = subId;
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this.systemName = sysName;
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this.host = host;
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this.desc = desc;
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this.catIds = catIds;
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}
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...
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}
同时,因为ES在索引的时候,一般都用json格式,因此,使用jackson定义了一个将对象转化成json的工具类,也很简单,代码:
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public class ESUtils {
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private static ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
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public static String toJson(Object o){
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try {
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return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(o);
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} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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return "";
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}
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}
在开始进行操作ES服务器之前,我们必须得获得ES的API,简单介绍一下ES操作服务器的两种方式,一种是使用Node方式,即本机也启动一个ES,然后跟服务器的ES进行通信,这个node甚至还能存储(奇怪,一般需要这样的方式吗?),另一种,就是下面我介绍的这一种,通过一个对象使用http协议跟服务器进行交互。
获得一个ES客户端API的代码如下:
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Settings settings = ImmutableSettings.settingsBuilder()
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.put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
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.put("client.transport.sniff", true).build();
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Client client = new TransportClient(settings)
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.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress("192.168.1.106", 9300));
Client对象,可以理解为数据库的Connection对象。好了,准备工作完成,下面就开始增删改查。
Index(增加)
ES里面的增加对象不叫什么add,save等,叫index。但无论叫什么名称,反正就是向ES服务器里面加数据。上面说过一个对象转json的工具类,其实ES的API中,是自带构建json的工具类的。
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import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
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import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
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import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
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import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.ImmutableSettings;
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import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
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import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
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import com.donlianli.es.ESUtils;
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import com.donlianli.es.model.LogModel;
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public class IndexTest {
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public static void main(String[] argv){
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Settings settings = ImmutableSettings.settingsBuilder()
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.put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
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.put("client.transport.sniff", true).build();
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Client client = new TransportClient(settings)
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.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress("192.168.1.106", 9300));
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String json = ESUtils.toJson(new LogModel());
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IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet")
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.setId("1")
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.setSource(json)
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.execute()
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.actionGet();
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System.out.println("response.version():"+response.version());
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client.close();
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}
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}
运行这个代码,就向ES插入了一条数据,你运行两遍,还是一条。ES根据你设置的ID来设置对象,如果没有则插入,有则更新。每更新一次,对应的version加1.
好了,在次,使用以下命令,应该能够查询到一条记录了。
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1'
delete(删除)
有了增加的例子,删除的例子也就好写了。增加是prepareIndex,删除是prepareDelete,查询就是PrepareGet。
代码如下:
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import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
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import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
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import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
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import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.ImmutableSettings;
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import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
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import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
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import com.donlianli.es.ESUtils;
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public class DeleteTest {
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public static void main(String[] argv){
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Settings settings = ImmutableSettings.settingsBuilder()
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.put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
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.put("client.transport.sniff", true).build();
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Client client = new TransportClient(settings)
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.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress("192.168.1.106", 9300));
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DeleteResponse response = client.prepareDelete("twitter", "tweet", "1")
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.execute().actionGet();
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System.out.println(response.getId());
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System.out.println(ESUtils.toJson(response.getHeaders()));
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}
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}
GET(查询)
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.ImmutableSettings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
public class GetTest {
public static void main(String[] argv){
Settings settings = ImmutableSettings.settingsBuilder()
.put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
.put("client.transport.sniff", true).build();
Client client = new TransportClient(settings)
.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress("192.168.1.106", 9300));
GetResponse response = client.prepareGet("twitter", "tweet", "1")
.execute().actionGet();
System.out.println("response.getId():"+response.getId());
System.out.println("response.getSourceAsString():"+response.getSourceAsString());
}
}
好了,增删改查的代码写完。至于搜索,那是一个比较深入的话题,我也在慢慢探索。我时间我会继续写下去。