1. Singleton(单例模式)
作用:
保证在Java应用程序中,一个类Class只有一个实例存在。
好处:
由于单例模式在内存中只有一个实例,减少了内存开销。
单例模式可以避免对资源的多重占用,例如一个写文件时,由于只有一个实例存在内存中,避免对同一个资源文件的同时写操作。
单例模式可以再系统设置全局的访问点,优化和共享资源访问。
使用情况:
建立目录 数据库连接的单线程操作
某个需要被频繁访问的实例对象
第一种形式:
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Singleton { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* 持有私有静态实例,防止被引用,此处赋值为null,目的是实现延迟加载 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> Singleton instance = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* 私有构造方法,防止被实例化 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Singleton</span>() { } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* </span></code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> 懒汉式:第一次调用时初始Singleton,以后就不用再生成了 静态方法,创建实例 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> Singleton <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getInstance</span>() {</code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (instance == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {</code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">synchronized</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"> (<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">Singleton.class</span>) {</span></code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"> if(instance == null) {</span></code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"> instance = </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);">new</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"> Singleton();</span> </span></code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"> }</span></code><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.3px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"> }</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> instance; } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul>
上面这种是我自己从网上看到,并经常使用的方式。