LeetCode #678 - Valid Parenthesis String

题目描述：

Given a string containing only three types of characters: '(', ')' and '*', write a function to check whether this string is valid. We define the validity of a string by these rules:

1. Any left parenthesis '(' must have a corresponding right parenthesis ')'.

2. Any right parenthesis ')' must have a corresponding left parenthesis '('.

3. Left parenthesis '(' must go before the corresponding right parenthesis ')'.

4. '*' could be treated as a single right parenthesis ')' or a single left parenthesis '(' or an empty string.

5. An empty string is also valid.

Example 1:

Input: "()"

Output: True

Example 2:

Input: "(*)"

Output: True

Example 3:

Input: "(*))"

Output: True

Note: The string size will be in the range [1, 100].

class Solution {
public:
    bool checkValidString(string s) {
        stack<int> star; // 保存星号出现的下标
        stack<int> left; // 保存左括号出现的下标
        for(int i=0;i<s.size();i++)
        {
            if(s[i]=='*') star.push(i);
            else if(s[i]=='(') left.push(i);
            else
            {
                //'*'可以表示空字符串，所以尽量用右括号消除左括号，保留星号
                if(left.size()>0) left.pop();
                else if(star.size()>0) star.pop();
                else return false;
            }
        }
        while(!left.empty()&&!star.empty())
        {
            if(left.top()>star.top()) return false; // 只有星号的下标大于左括号的下标才能消除左括号
            else
            {
                left.pop();
                star.pop();
            }
        }
        return left.empty();
    }
};