Activity共有四种启动模式:standard,singleTop,singleTask,singleInstance
为了方便描述和理解,布局文件、Manifest文件和各个java文件如下:
Andoirdtanifest文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.activitylaunchmode" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="19" android:targetSdkVersion="21" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:launchMode="standard" android:screenOrientation="portrait" android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:launchMode="singleTop" android:screenOrientation="portrait" android:name=".SecondActivity"> </activity> <activity android:launchMode="singleTask" android:screenOrientation="portrait" android:name=".ThirdActivity"> </activity> <activity android:launchMode="singleInstance" android:screenOrientation="portrait" android:name=".FourActivity"> </activity> </application> </manifest>
4个Activity分别对应一种启动模式:
MainActivity ----> standard (默认模式,写不写都可以)
SecondActivity ----> singleTop
ThirdActivty ----> singleTask
FourActivity ----> singleInstance
布局文件 activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.example.activitylaunchmode.MainActivity" > <TextView android:id="@+id/mTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <Button android:layout_below="@id/mTextView" android:id="@+id/buttonOne" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Button1" /> <Button android:id="@+id/buttonTwo" android:text="Button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/buttonOne" android:layout_below="@id/mTextView" /> <Button android:id="@+id/buttonThree" android:text="Button3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/buttonOne" /> <Button android:id="@+id/buttonFour" android:text="Button4" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/buttonTwo" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/buttonThree" /> </RelativeLayout>
MainActivity.java
package com.example.activitylaunchmode; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; TextView tv; Button ButtonOne; Button ButtonTwo; Button ButtonThree; Button ButtonFour; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mTextView); tv.setText("MainActivity"); ButtonOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonOne); ButtonOne.setOnClickListener(this); ButtonTwo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonTwo); ButtonTwo.setOnClickListener(this); ButtonThree = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonThree); ButtonThree.setOnClickListener(this); ButtonFour = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonFour); ButtonFour.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onNewIntent(intent); Log.d(TAG, "onNewIntent"); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.buttonOne: Intent mainIntent = new Intent(this,MainActivity.class); startActivity(mainIntent); break; case R.id.buttonTwo: Intent secondIntent = new Intent(this,SecondActivity.class); startActivity(secondIntent); break; case R.id.buttonThree: Intent ThirdIntent = new Intent(this,ThirdActivity.class); startActivity(ThirdIntent); break; case R.id.buttonFour: Intent FourIntent = new Intent(this,FourActivity.class); startActivity(FourIntent); break; } } }
SecondActivity.java
package com.example.activitylaunchmode; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class SecondActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "SecondActivity"; TextView tv; Button ButtonOne; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mTextView); tv.setText("SecondActivity"); ButtonOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonOne); ButtonOne.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onNewIntent(intent); Log.d(TAG, "onNewIntent"); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.buttonOne: Intent secondIntent = new Intent(this,SecondActivity.class); startActivity(secondIntent); break; } } }
ThirdActivity.java
package com.example.activitylaunchmode; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class ThirdActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "ThirdActivity"; TextView tv; Button ButtonOne; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mTextView); tv.setText("ThirdActivity"); ButtonOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonOne); ButtonOne.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onNewIntent(intent); Log.d(TAG, "onNewIntent"); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.buttonOne: Intent mainIntent = new Intent(this,MainActivity.class); startActivity(mainIntent); break; default: break; } } }
FourActivity.java
package com.example.activitylaunchmode; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class FourActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "FourActivity"; TextView tv; Button ButtonOne; Button ButtonTwo; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mTextView); tv.setText("FourActivity"); ButtonOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonOne); ButtonOne.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onNewIntent(intent); Log.d(TAG, "onNewIntent"); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.buttonOne: Intent MainIntent = new Intent(this,MainActivity.class); startActivity(MainIntent); break; case R.id.buttonFour: Intent FourIntent = new Intent(this,FourActivity.class); startActivity(FourIntent); default: break; } } }
各个启动模式差异探究:
1)standard: 默认模式,每启动一个activity都会在Task中创建一个,back键会依次从栈中退出
MainActivity的启动模式是standard, 点击Button1,会再启动一个MainActivity.
通过adb shell dumpsys activity命令, 我们能看到在Task中存在两个MainActivity.
Task id #48 TaskRecord{2cfa2efd #48 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=2} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } Hist #1: ActivityRecord{37783c3a u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t48} Intent { cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } ProcessRecord{358547f2 29163:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Hist #0: ActivityRecord{363c8000 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t48} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity bnds=[801,812][1047,1060] } ProcessRecord{358547f2 29163:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Running activities (most recent first): TaskRecord{2cfa2efd #48 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=2} Run #1: ActivityRecord{37783c3a u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t48} Run #0: ActivityRecord{363c8000 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t48}
2)singleTop:如果要启动的Activity在栈顶,则不会重新创建
SecondActivity的启动模式是singleTop, 点击MainActivity中的Button2,会创建一个SecondActivity,再点击SecondActivity中的Button1,会重新启动 SecondActivity.
通过adb命令,我们可以看到,Task中只有MainActivity和SecondActivity两个Activity,第二次点击并没有重新创建。从log中,我们可以看到,第二次点击启动SecondActivity,只是调用了前一个SecondActivity的onNewIntent方法。
Task id #51 TaskRecord{fb41e01 #51 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=2} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } Hist #1: ActivityRecord{1ea62f6c u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.SecondActivity t51} Intent { cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.SecondActivity } ProcessRecord{69b44a6 30061:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Hist #0: ActivityRecord{27f7bb0a u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t51} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity bnds=[801,812][1047,1060] } ProcessRecord{69b44a6 30061:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Running activities (most recent first): TaskRecord{fb41e01 #51 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=2} Run #1: ActivityRecord{1ea62f6c u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.SecondActivity t51} Run #0: ActivityRecord{27f7bb0a u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t51}
3)singleTask: 任务栈中没有这个Activity,则会在任务栈中创建一个实例,如果任务栈中已经存在,则会将任务栈中的此activity之上的activity全部出栈
ThirdActivity的启动模式是singleTask, 点击MainActivity中的Button3,启动ThirdActivity,再点击ThirdActivity中的Button1,启动MainActivity,此时的Activity的堆栈信息如下:
Task id #52 TaskRecord{147eed75 #52 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=3} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } Hist #2: ActivityRecord{2bf26a69 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t52} Intent { cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } ProcessRecord{3e2f10a 30540:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Hist #1: ActivityRecord{147e2631 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.ThirdActivity t52} Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.ThirdActivity } ProcessRecord{3e2f10a 30540:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Hist #0: ActivityRecord{4e87389 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t52} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity bnds=[801,812][1047,1060] } ProcessRecord{3e2f10a 30540:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Running activities (most recent first): TaskRecord{147eed75 #52 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=3} Run #2: ActivityRecord{2bf26a69 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t52} Run #1: ActivityRecord{147e2631 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.ThirdActivity t52} Run #0: ActivityRecord{4e87389 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t52}
这个也说明了standard启动模式会重新创建一个Activity.
然后再点击MainActivity中的Button3,启动ThirdActivity,通过adb命令看到的如下:
Task id #53 TaskRecord{2553d3b2 #53 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=2} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } Hist #1: ActivityRecord{33f3f7cd u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.ThirdActivity t53} Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.ThirdActivity } ProcessRecord{1cdd8f03 30924:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Hist #0: ActivityRecord{e5f9ea5 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t53} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity bnds=[801,812][1047,1060] } ProcessRecord{1cdd8f03 30924:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Running activities (most recent first): TaskRecord{2553d3b2 #53 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=2} Run #1: ActivityRecord{33f3f7cd u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.ThirdActivity t53} Run #0: ActivityRecord{e5f9ea5 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t53}
能看到Task中现在只有两个Activity,ThirdActivity并没有重新创建,靠后的一个MainActivity也被弹出栈,从log也能看出调用了onNewIntent方法,
4)singleInstance: 只有一个实例,运行于独立的task,启动此Activity的时候如果已经创建,则不会重新创建
FourActivity的启动模式是singleInstance,点击MainActivity中的Button4,会启动FourActivity
通过adb shell dumpsys activity命令,我们能看到两个Activity在不同的Task中,
Task id #55 TaskRecord{11be8b0d #55 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=1} Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.FourActivity } Hist #0: ActivityRecord{1cd2b9e5 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.FourActivity t55} Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.FourActivity } ProcessRecord{358d5ac2 31514:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Task id #54 TaskRecord{12e2f0d3 #54 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=1} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity } Hist #0: ActivityRecord{374dcd03 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t54} Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x30200000 cmp=com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity bnds=[801,812][1047,1060] } ProcessRecord{358d5ac2 31514:com.example.activitylaunchmode/u0a134} Running activities (most recent first): TaskRecord{11be8b0d #55 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=1} Run #1: ActivityRecord{1cd2b9e5 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.FourActivity t55} TaskRecord{12e2f0d3 #54 A=com.example.activitylaunchmode U=0 sz=1} Run #0: ActivityRecord{374dcd03 u0 com.example.activitylaunchmode/.MainActivity t54}
如果再点击FourActivity中的Button4,也不会重新创建,从log可以看出,会调用onNewIntent方法,这里就不在贴activity的信息。
adb shell dumpsys activity activities 也可以看到Task中各个activity的 launchMode.