oralce字符串函数

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Oracle/PLSQL String Functions
ASCII
Get The ASCII Value Of A CharacterASCII(ch VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT ASCII('A') FROM DUAL;
SELECT ASCII('Z') FROM DUAL;
SELECT ASCII('a') FROM DUAL;
SELECT ASCII('z') FROM DUAL;
SELECT ASCII(' ') FROM DUAL;
 
CASE Related Functions
Upper CaseUPPER(ch VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT UPPER('Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;
Lower CaseLOWER(ch VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT LOWER('Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;
Initial Letter Upper CaseINITCAP(ch VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT INITCAP('DAN MORGAN') FROM DUAL;
NLS Upper CaseNLS_UPPER(<string_or_column>)
SELECT NLS_UPPER('Dan Morgan', 'NLS_SORT = XDanish')
FROM DUAL;
NLS Lower CaseNLS_LOWER(<string_or_column>)
SELECT NLS_LOWER('Dan Morgan', 'NLS_SORT = XFrench')
FROM DUAL;
NLS Initial Letter Upper CaseNLS_INITCAP(<string_or_column>)
SELECT NLS_INITCAP('DAN MORGAN', 'NLS_SORT = XGerman')
FROM DUAL;
 
CHR
CharacterCHR(n PLS_INTEGERRETURN VARCHAR2;
SELECT(CHR(68) || CHR(65) || CHR(78)) FROM DUAL;

SELECT(CHR(68) || CHR(97) || CHR(110)) FROM DUAL;
 
COALESCE

Returns the first non-null occurrence
COALESCE(<value>, <value>, <value>, ...)
CREATE TABLE test (
col1  VARCHAR2(1),
col2  VARCHAR2(1),
col3  VARCHAR2(1));

INSERT INTO test VALUES (NULL, 'B', 'C');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('A', NULL, 'C');
INSERT INTO test VALUES (NULL, NULL, 'C');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('A', 'B', 'C');

SELECT COALESCE(col1, col2, col3) FROM test;
 
CONCAT
Concatenate

Overload 1

standard.CONCAT(
lef    VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
right  VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET LEFT%CHARSET;
SELECT CONCAT('Dan ', 'Morgan') FROM DUAL;

Concatenate

Overload 2
CONCAT(left IN CLOB, right IN CLOBRETURN CLOB
set serveroutput on

DECLARE
 c1 CLOB := TO_CLOB('Dan ');
 c2 CLOB := TO_CLOB('Morgan');
 c3 CLOB;
BEGIN
  SELECT CONCAT(c1, c2)
  INTO c3
  FROM DUAL;

  dbms_output.put_line(c3);
END;
/
 
CONVERT
Converts From One Character Set To AnotherCONVERT(<character>,<destination_character_set>,
<source_character_set>)
SELECT CONVERT('Ä Ê Í Õ Ø A B C D E','US7ASCII','WE8ISO8859P1') 
FROM DUAL;
 
DUMP

Returns a VARCHAR2 value containing the datatype code, length in bytes, and internal representation of a value
DUMP(<value> [,<return_format>[,<start_position>[,<length>]]])
8Octal
10Decimal
16Hexidecimal
17Single Characters
1008octal notation with the character set name
1010decimal notation with the character set name
1016hexadecimal notation with the character set name
1017single characters with the character set name
set linesize 121
col dmp format a50

SELECT table_name, DUMP(table_name) DMP FROM user_tables;

SELECT table_name, DUMP(table_name, 16) DMP FROMuser_tables;

SELECT table_name, DUMP(table_name, 16, 7, 4) DMP FROMuser_tables;
 
INSTR
See links at page bottom
 
INSTRB
Location of a string, within another string, in bytesINSTRB(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
STR2 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
POS  PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
NTH  POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTRB('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM DUAL;
 
INSTRC
Location of a string, within another string, in Unicode complete charactersINSTRC(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
STR2 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
POS  PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
NTH  POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTRC('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM DUAL;
 
INSTR2
Location of a string, within another string, in UCS2 code pointsINSTR2(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
STR2 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
POS  PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
NTH  POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTR2('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM DUAL;
 
INSTR4
Location of a string, within another string, in UCS4 code pointsINSTR4(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
STR2 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
POS  PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
NTH  POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTR4('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM DUAL;
 
LENGTH
String LengthLENGTH(<string_or_column>)
SELECT LENGTH('Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;
 
LENGTHB
Returns length in bytesLENGTHB(<char_varchar2_or_clob_value>)
SELECT table_name, LENGTHB(table_name) FROM user_tables;
Note: Additional forms of LENGTH (LENGTHC, LENGTH2, and LENGTH4) are also available.
 
LPAD
Left Pad

Overload 1
LPAD(
str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  PLS_INTEGER,
PAD  VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT LPAD('Dan Morgan', 25, 'x') FROM DUAL;
Overload 2LPAD(
str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  PLS_INTEGER)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT LPAD('Dan Morgan', 25) FROM DUAL;
Overload 3LPAD(
str1 CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  NUMBER,
PAD  CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
Overload 4LPAD(
str1 CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  INTEGER)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
 
LTRIM
Left Trim

Overload 1
LTRIM(
str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ',
tset VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || LTRIM('   Dan Morgan   ') || '<-' FROM DUAL;
Overload 2LTRIM(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ')
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || LTRIM('xxx Dan Morgan   ') || '<-' FROM DUAL;

SELECT '->' || LTRIM('xxxDan Morgan   ', 'x') || '<-' FROMDUAL;
 
MAX
The Maximum String based on the current sort parameterMAX(<character_string>)
SELECT MAX(table_name)
FROM user_tables;
 
MIN
The Minimum String based on the current sort parameterMIN(<character_string>)
SELECT MIN(table_name)
FROM user_tables;
 
NLSSORT

Returns the string of bytes used to sort a string.

The string returned is of RAW data type
NLSSORT(<column_name>, 'NLS_SORT = <NLS Parameter>);
CREATE TABLE test (name VARCHAR2(15));
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaardiner');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaberd');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('GÂberd');
COMMIT;

SELECT * FROM test ORDER BY name;

SELECT * FROM test
ORDER BY NLSSORT(name, 'NLS_SORT = XDanish');

SELECT * FROM test
ORDER BY NLSSORT(name, 'NLS_SORT = BINARY_CI');
 
Quote Delimiters

q used to define a quote delimiter for PL/SQL
q'<delimiter><string><delimiter>';
set serveroutput on

DECLARE
 s1 VARCHAR2(20);
 s2 VARCHAR2(20);
 s3 VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
  s1 := q'[Isn't this cool]';
  s2 := q'"Isn't this cool"';
  s3 := q'|Isn't this cool|';

  dbms_output.put_line(s1);
  dbms_output.put_line(s2);
  dbms_output.put_line(s3);
END;
/
 
REPLACE
See links at page bottom
 
REVERSE
ReverseREVERSE(<string_or_column>)
SELECT REVERSE('Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;

SELECT DUMP('Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;
SELECT DUMP(REVERSE('Dan Morgan')) FROM DUAL;
 
RPAD
Right Pad

Overload 1
RPAD(str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, len PLS_INTEGER,
pad VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT RPAD('Dan Morgan', 25, 'x') FROM DUAL;
Overload 2RPAD(str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, len PLS_INTEGER)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT RPAD('Dan Morgan', 25) ||'<-' FROM DUAL;
 
RTRIM
Right Trim

Overload 1
RTRIM(
str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ',
tset VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || RTRIM('   Dan Morganxxx') || '<-' FROM DUAL;
SELECT '->' || RTRIM('   Dan Morganxxx', 'xxx') || '<-' FROMDUAL;
Overload 2RTRIM(
str1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ')
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || RTRIM('   Dan Morgan   ') || '<-' FROM DUAL;
 
SOUNDEX

Returns Character String Containing The Phonetic Representation Of Another String
Rules:
  • Retain the first letter of the string and remove all other occurrences of the following letters: a, e, h, i, o, u, w, y
  • Assign numbers to the remaining letters (after the first) as
    follows:
    b, f, p, v = 1
    c, g, j, k, q, s, x, z = 2
    d, t = 3
    l = 4
    m, n = 5
    r = 6
  • If two or more letters with the same number were adjacent in the original name (before step 1), or adjacent except for any intervening h and w, then omit all but the first.
  • Return the first four bytes padded with 0.

SOUNDEX(ch VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;

CREATE TABLE test (
namecol VARCHAR2(15));

INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smith');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smyth');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smythe');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smither');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smidt');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smick');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smiff');
COMMIT;

SELECT namecol, SOUNDEX(namecol) FROM test;
-- Thanks Frank van Bortel for the idea for the above

SELECT *
FROM test
WHERE SOUNDEX(namecol) = SOUNDEX('SMITH');
 
SUBSTR
See links at page bottom
 
SUBSTRB
Returns a substring countingbytes rather than charactersSUBSTRB(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, 
POS  PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
LEN  PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of characters
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
SUBSTRC
Returns a substring within another string, using Unicode code pointsSUBSTRC(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, 
POS  PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
LEN  PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of characters
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
SUBSTR2
Returns a substring within another string, using UCS2 code pointsSUBSTR2(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, 
POS  PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
LEN  PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of characters
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
SUBSTR4
Returns a substring within another string, using UCS4 code pointsSUBSTR4(
STR1 VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, 
POS  PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
LEN  PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of characters
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
TRANSLATE
See links at page bottom
 
TREAT
Changes The Declared Type Of An ExpressionTREAT (<expression> AS REF schema.type)) 
SELECT name, TREAT(VALUE(p) AS employee_t).salary SALARY 
FROM persons p;
 
TRIM (variations are LTRIM and RTRIM)
Trim SpacesTRIM(<string_or_column>)
SELECT '   Dan Morgan    ' FROM DUAL;

SELECT TRIM('   Dan Morgan   ') FROM DUAL;
Trim Other CharactersTRIM(<character_to_trim> FROM <string_or_column>)
SELECT TRIM('D' FROM 'Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;
Trim By CHR valueTRIM(<string_or_column>)
SELECT ASCII(SUBSTR('Dan Morgan',1,1)) FROM DUAL;

SELECT TRIM(CHR(68) FROM 'Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;
 
Vertical Bars
Also known as Pipes<first_string> || <second_string>
SELECT 'Dan' || ' ' || 'Morgan' FROM DUAL;

WITH ALIAS

SELECT 'Dan' || ' ' || 'Morgan' NAME FROM DUAL;
or
SELECT 'Dan' || ' ' || 'Morgan' AS NAME FROM DUAL;
 
VSIZE
Byte SizeVSIZE(e IN VARCHAR2RETURN NUMBER
SELECT VSIZE('Dan Morgan') FROM DUAL;

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