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Android蓝牙开发—经典蓝牙详细开发流程
Android蓝牙开发前，首先要区分是经典蓝牙开发还是BLE（低功耗）蓝牙开发，它们的开发是有区别的，如果还分不清经典蓝牙和BLE（低功耗）蓝牙的小伙伴，可以先看Android蓝牙开发—经典蓝牙和BLE（低功耗）蓝牙的区别
本文是针对经典蓝牙开发的，如果是BLE（低功耗）蓝牙开发，可以看Android蓝牙开发—BLE（低功耗）蓝牙详细开发流程
开发流程
- 开启蓝牙
- 扫描蓝牙
- 配对蓝牙
- 连接蓝牙
- 通信
开启蓝牙
1.获取BluetoothAdapter对象
mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
2.判断设备是否支持蓝牙
3.判断蓝牙是否开启
4.开启蓝牙
- 异步自动开启蓝牙
- 同步提示开启蓝牙
5.权限处理
- 处理6.0以下版本的权限
在AndroidManifest里面添加权限
-
<!-- 使用蓝牙的权限 -->
-
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
-
<!-- 扫描蓝牙设备或者操作蓝牙设置 -->
-
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
- 处理6.0以上版本的权限
（1）在AndroidManifest里面添加权限
-
<!-- 使用蓝牙的权限 -->
-
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
-
<!-- 扫描蓝牙设备或者操作蓝牙设置 -->
-
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
-
<!--模糊定位权限，仅作用于6.0+-->
-
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
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<!--精准定位权限，仅作用于6.0+-->
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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
（2）动态检查权限
-
/**
-
* 检查权限
-
*/
-
private void checkPermissions() {
-
String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION};
-
List
<String> permissionDeniedList = new ArrayList
<>();
-
for (String permission : permissions) {
-
int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission);
-
if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-
onPermissionGranted(permission);
-
} else {
-
permissionDeniedList.add(permission);
-
}
-
}
-
if (!permissionDeniedList.isEmpty()) {
-
String[] deniedPermissions = permissionDeniedList.toArray(new String[permissionDeniedList.size()]);
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ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, deniedPermissions, REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION_LOCATION);
-
}
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 权限回调
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* @param requestCode
-
* @param permissions
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* @param grantResults
-
*/
-
@Override
-
public final void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
-
@NonNull String[] permissions,
-
@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
-
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
-
switch (requestCode) {
-
case REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION_LOCATION:
-
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
-
for (int i = 0; i
< grantResults.length; i++) {
-
if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-
onPermissionGranted(permissions[i]);
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
break;
-
}
-
}
（3）开启GPS
（4）检查GPS是否开启
扫描蓝牙
1.扫描周围蓝牙设备（配对上的设备有可能扫描不出来）
2.取消扫描蓝牙
3.通过广播的方式接收扫描结果
（1）注册广播
（2）接收广播
配对蓝牙
1.开始配对
2.取消配对
3.通过广播的方式接收配对结果
（1）注册广播
（2）接收广播
连接蓝牙
经典蓝牙连接相当于socket连接，是个非常耗时的操作，所以应该放到子线程中去完成。
1.连接线程
-
/**连接线程
-
* Created by zqf on 2018/7/7.
-
*/
-
-
public class ConnectBlueTask extends AsyncTask
<BluetoothDevice, Integer, BluetoothSocket> {
-
private static final String TAG = ConnectBlueTask.class.getName();
-
private BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice;
-
private ConnectBlueCallBack callBack;
-
-
public ConnectBlueTask(ConnectBlueCallBack callBack){
-
this.callBack = callBack;
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected BluetoothSocket doInBackground(BluetoothDevice... bluetoothDevices) {
-
bluetoothDevice = bluetoothDevices[0];
-
BluetoothSocket socket = null;
-
try{
-
Log.d(TAG,"开始连接socket,uuid:" + ClassicsBluetooth.UUID);
-
socket = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString(ClassicsBluetooth.UUID));
-
if (socket != null && !socket.isConnected()){
-
socket.connect();
-
}
-
}catch (IOException e){
-
Log.e(TAG,"socket连接失败");
-
try {
-
socket.close();
-
} catch (IOException e1) {
-
e1.printStackTrace();
-
Log.e(TAG,"socket关闭失败");
-
}
-
}
-
return socket;
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected void onPreExecute() {
-
Log.d(TAG,"开始连接");
-
if (callBack != null) callBack.onStartConnect();
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected void onPostExecute(BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket) {
-
if (bluetoothSocket != null && bluetoothSocket.isConnected()){
-
Log.d(TAG,"连接成功");
-
if (callBack != null) callBack.onConnectSuccess(bluetoothDevice, bluetoothSocket);
-
}else {
-
Log.d(TAG,"连接失败");
-
if (callBack != null) callBack.onConnectFail(bluetoothDevice, "连接失败");
-
}
-
}
-
}
2.启动连接线程
3.判断是否连接成功
4.断开连接
5.MAC地址连接
通信
1.读取数据线程
-
/**读取线程
-
* Created by zqf on 2018/7/7.
-
*/
-
-
public class ReadTask extends AsyncTask
<String, Integer, String> {
-
private static final String TAG = ReadTask.class.getName();
-
private ReadCallBack callBack;
-
private BluetoothSocket socket;
-
-
public ReadTask(ReadCallBack callBack, BluetoothSocket socket){
-
this.callBack = callBack;
-
this.socket = socket;
-
}
-
@Override
-
protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
-
BufferedInputStream in = null;
-
try {
-
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
-
in = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
-
-
int length = 0;
-
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
-
while ((length = in.read()) != -1) {
-
sb.append(new String(buf,0,length));
-
}
-
return sb.toString();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}finally {
-
try {
-
in.close();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
return "读取失败";
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected void onPreExecute() {
-
Log.d(TAG,"开始读取数据");
-
if (callBack != null) callBack.onStarted();
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
-
Log.d(TAG,"完成读取数据");
-
if (callBack != null){
-
if ("读取失败".equals(s)){
-
callBack.onFinished(false, s);
-
}else {
-
callBack.onFinished(true, s);
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
2.写入数据线程
-
/**写入线程
-
* Created by zqf on 2018/7/7.
-
*/
-
-
public class WriteTask extends AsyncTask
<String, Integer, String>{
-
private static final String TAG = WriteTask.class.getName();
-
private WriteCallBack callBack;
-
private BluetoothSocket socket;
-
-
public WriteTask(WriteCallBack callBack, BluetoothSocket socket){
-
this.callBack = callBack;
-
this.socket = socket;
-
}
-
@Override
-
protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
-
String string = strings[0];
-
OutputStream outputStream = null;
-
try{
-
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
-
-
outputStream.write(string.getBytes());
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
Log.e("error", "ON RESUME: Exception during write.", e);
-
return "发送失败";
-
}finally {
-
try {
-
outputStream.close();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
return "发送成功";
-
-
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected void onPreExecute() {
-
if (callBack != null) callBack.onStarted();
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
-
if (callBack != null){
-
if ("发送成功".equals(s)){
-
callBack.onFinished(true, s);
-
}else {
-
callBack.onFinished(false, s);
-
}
-
-
}
-
}
-
}
以上就是经典蓝牙的开发流程和部分代码，后期会提供demo下载。若有不当之处，请留言讨论，一起学习进步。
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