一、原理
双线性插值
在数学上,双线性插值是有两个变量的插值函数的线性插值扩展,其核心思想是在两个方向分别进行一次线性插值[1]。见下图:
假如我们想得到未知函数 f 在点 P = (x, y) 的值,假设我们已知函数 f 在 Q11 = (x1, y1)、Q12 = (x1, y2), Q21 = (x2, y1) 以及 Q22 = (x2, y2) 四个点的值。最常见的情况,f就是一个像素点的像素值。首先在 x 方向进行线性插值,得到
然后在 y 方向进行线性插值,得到
综合起来就是双线性插值最后的结果:
由于图像双线性插值只会用相邻的4个点,因此上述公式的分母都是1。opencv中的源码如下,用了一些优化手段,比如用整数计算代替float(下面代码中的*2048就是变11位小数为整数,最后有两个连乘,因此>>22位),以及源图像和目标图像几何中心的对齐
SrcX=(dstX+0.5)* (srcWidth/dstWidth) -0.5
SrcY=(dstY+0.5) * (srcHeight/dstHeight)-0.5,
二、C++代码
uchar InterBilinear(float x,float y,cv::Mat &src)
{
int x_L = cvFloor(x) - 1;
int x_R = cvFloor(x) + 1;
int y_T = cvFloor(y) - 1;
int y_B = cvFloor(y) + 1;
if (x_L <= 0) x_L = 0;
else if (x_L >= src.cols - 1) x_L = src.cols - 1;
if (x_R <= 0) x_R = 0;
else if (x_R > src.cols - 1) x_R = src.cols - 1;
if (y_T <= 0) y_T = 0;
else if (y_T > src.rows - 1) y_T = src.rows - 1;
if (y_B <= 0) y_B = 0;
else if (y_B > src.rows - 1) y_B = src.rows - 1;
uchar grayTopL = src.at<uchar>(x_L, y_T);//左上角
uchar grayTopR = src.at<uchar>(x_R, y_T);//右上角
uchar grayBottonL = src.at<uchar>(x_L, y_B);//左下角
uchar grayBottonR = src.at<uchar>(x_R, y_B);//右下角
//1、计算X方向插值
float HLscale = 0.f, HRscale = 0.f, VTscale = 0.f, VBscale=0.f;
HLscale = 1 - (x - x_L) / (x_R - x_L);
HRscale = 1 - (x_R - x) / (x_R - x_L);
VTscale = 1 - (y - y_T) / (y_B - y_T);
VBscale = 1 - (y_B-y) / (y_B - y_T);
uchar Hpixel1= static_cast<uchar>(grayTopL*HLscale + grayTopR*HRscale);
uchar Hpixel2 = static_cast<uchar>(grayBottonL*HLscale + grayBottonR*HRscale);
//计算Y方向插值
uchar Vpixel = static_cast<uchar>(Hpixel1*VTscale + Hpixel2*VBscale);
return Vpixel;
}
void ImageZoom(cv::Mat &srcimg, cv::Mat &dst, float scale)
{
cv::Mat resultimg, grayimg;
if (scale <= 1e-6)
{
cout << "Illegal Parameter!" << endl;
return;
}
if (!srcimg.data)
{
cout << "Image Is Null!" << endl;
return;
}
grayimg = srcimg.clone();
int new_width = static_cast<int>(scale*srcimg.cols);
int new_height = static_cast<int>(scale*srcimg.rows);
getgrayMat(grayimg);
resultimg.create(cv::Size(new_width, new_height), grayimg.depth());
for (int i0 = 0; i0 < new_height; i0++)
{
for (int j0 = 0; j0 < new_width; j0++)
{
float j1 = (j0+0.1f) / scale;
float i1 = (i0+0.1f )/ scale;
if (j1 <= 1e-6)
j1 = 0.f;
if (i1 <= 1e-6)
i1 = 0.f;
uchar Interval=InterBilinear(i1, j1, grayimg);
resultimg.at<uchar>(i0, j0) = Interval;
}
}
dst = resultimg.clone();
resultimg.release();
}