管理Fragment
1、FragmentManager
管理Activity中的Fragment,可以使用FragmentManager,通过getFragmentManager或getSupportFragmentManager获取
常用方法:
- manager.findFragmentById():根据ID找到相应的Fragment,主要用于静态添加Fragment
- manager.findFragmentByTag():根据Tag找到相应的Fragment,主要用于动态添加Fragment
- manager.getFragments():获取所有被放进Activity中的Fragment
2、FragmentTransaction
常用方法:
- add(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment, String tag):将一个Fragment实例添加到Activity的最上层
- remove(Fragment fragment):将一个fragment实例从Activity队列中删除
- replace(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment):替换containerViewId中的fragment,它首先把containerViewId中的所有fragment删除,然后再add当前fragment
3、add()、remove()、replace()的使用方法
- 新建两个fragment1.xml和fragment2.xml
fragment1.xml:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#ff00f0"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="This is fragment 1"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>
fragment2.xml:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#ffff00"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fragment2_tv"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="This is fragment 2"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>
- 在创建相应的Fragment1类和Fragment2类
- MainActivity布局:添加add_frag1、add_frag2、remove_frag2、replace_frag1四个按钮,以及一个放置fragment的容器
1、 添加一个addFragment(Fragment fragment, String tag)方法
private void addFragment(Fragment fragment, String tag){
//获取FragmentManager
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
//开启事务
FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
//将Fragment添加到Transaction中
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container, fragment,tag);
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
}
2、添加Fragment1和Fragment2
Fragment1 fragment1 = new Fragment1();
addFragment(fragment1,"fragment1);
Fragment2 fragment2 = new Fragment2();
addFragment2(fragment2,"fragment2");
3、removeFragment2
private voiid removeFragment2(){
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
Fragment fragment = manager.findFragmentByTag("fragment");
transaction.remove(fragment);
transaction.commit();
}
4、ReplaceFragment1:
private void replaceFragment1(){
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
Fragment2 fragment2 = new Fragment2();
transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, fragment2);
transaction.commit();
注:replace方法将container中的fragment都清空,然后添加新的fragment。
Fragment的回滚
1、 使用addToBackStack(String tag)将fragment添加到回退栈
transaction.addToBackStack(String tag);
2、 使用popBackStack将最上层的fragment弹出回退栈
manager.popBackStack();
3、 可以使用ID和Tag来指定弹出到操作所在层
void popBackStack(int id,int flags);
void popBackStack(String tag,int flags);
- id为transaction时的返回值
- flags有两个值:0或FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE;
- 当flags为0时,表示弹出除参数所在层之外的所有上层
- 当flags为FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE时,表示弹出包括参数所在层的所有上层
4、 添加Fragment的方法
private int addFragment(Fragment fragment,String tag){
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,fragment,tag);
transaction.addToBackStack(tag);
return transaction.commit();
}
5、 弹出回退栈顶的方法
private void popBackStack(){
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
manager.popBackStack();
}
6、弹出到指定层的方法,flags为0时,例:
private void popBackStackToFrag2(){
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
manager.popBackStack("fragment2",0);
//manager.popBackStack(stackID2,0);
}
7、弹出到指定层,flags为FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE时,例:
private void popBackStackToFrag2_Include(){
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
manager.popBackStack("fragment2",FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE);
//manager.popBackStack(stackID2,FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE;);
Fragment的事务
Fragment事务是以一次commit()事务提交为单位,而不是以add、replace等为单位。