AtomicReference介绍和函数列表
AtomicReference是作用是对"对象"进行原子操作。
// 使用 null 初始值创建新的 AtomicReference。
AtomicReference()
// 使用给定的初始值创建新的 AtomicReference。
AtomicReference(V initialValue)
// 如果当前值 == 预期值,则以原子方式将该值设置为给定的更新值。
boolean compareAndSet(V expect, V update)
// 获取当前值。
V get()
// 以原子方式设置为给定值,并返回旧值。
V getAndSet(V newValue)
// 最终设置为给定值。
void lazySet(V newValue)
// 设置为给定值。
void set(V newValue)
// 返回当前值的字符串表示形式。
String toString()
// 如果当前值 == 预期值,则以原子方式将该值设置为给定的更新值。
boolean weakCompareAndSet(V expect, V update)
源码(JDK1.8.0_202)
/**
* An object reference that may be updated atomically. See the {@link
* java.util.concurrent.atomic} package specification for description
* of the properties of atomic variables.
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
* @param <V> The type of object referred to by this reference
*/
public class AtomicReference<V> implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1848883965231344442L;
// 获取Unsafe对象,Unsafe的作用是提供CAS操作
private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
private static final long valueOffset;
static {
try {
valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
(AtomicReference.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
} catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
}
// volatile类型
private volatile V value;
/**
* Creates a new AtomicReference with the given initial value.
*
* @param initialValue the initial value
*/
public AtomicReference(V initialValue) {
value = initialValue;
}
/**
* Creates a new AtomicReference with null initial value.
*/
public AtomicReference() {
}
/**
* Gets the current value.
*
* @return the current value
*/
public final V get() {
return value;
}
/**
* Sets to the given value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
*/
public final void set(V newValue) {
value = newValue;
}
/**
* Eventually sets to the given value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
* @since 1.6
*/
public final void lazySet(V newValue) {
unsafe.putOrderedObject(this, valueOffset, newValue);
}
/**
* Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
* if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that
* the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
*/
public final boolean compareAndSet(V expect, V update) {
return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
}
/**
* Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
* if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
*
* <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail
* spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is
* only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}.
*
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return {@code true} if successful
*/
public final boolean weakCompareAndSet(V expect, V update) {
return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
}
/**
* Atomically sets to the given value and returns the old value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
* @return the previous value
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public final V getAndSet(V newValue) {
return (V)unsafe.getAndSetObject(this, valueOffset, newValue);
}
/**
* Atomically updates the current value with the results of
* applying the given function, returning the previous value. The
* function should be side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied
* when attempted updates fail due to contention among threads.
*
* @param updateFunction a side-effect-free function
* @return the previous value
* @since 1.8
*/
public final V getAndUpdate(UnaryOperator<V> updateFunction) {
V prev, next;
do {
prev = get();
next = updateFunction.apply(prev);
} while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
return prev;
}
/**
* Atomically updates the current value with the results of
* applying the given function, returning the updated value. The
* function should be side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied
* when attempted updates fail due to contention among threads.
*
* @param updateFunction a side-effect-free function
* @return the updated value
* @since 1.8
*/
public final V updateAndGet(UnaryOperator<V> updateFunction) {
V prev, next;
do {
prev = get();
next = updateFunction.apply(prev);
} while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
return next;
}
/**
* Atomically updates the current value with the results of
* applying the given function to the current and given values,
* returning the previous value. The function should be
* side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied when attempted
* updates fail due to contention among threads. The function
* is applied with the current value as its first argument,
* and the given update as the second argument.
*
* @param x the update value
* @param accumulatorFunction a side-effect-free function of two arguments
* @return the previous value
* @since 1.8
*/
public final V getAndAccumulate(V x,
BinaryOperator<V> accumulatorFunction) {
V prev, next;
do {
prev = get();
next = accumulatorFunction.apply(prev, x);
} while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
return prev;
}
/**
* Atomically updates the current value with the results of
* applying the given function to the current and given values,
* returning the updated value. The function should be
* side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied when attempted
* updates fail due to contention among threads. The function
* is applied with the current value as its first argument,
* and the given update as the second argument.
*
* @param x the update value
* @param accumulatorFunction a side-effect-free function of two arguments
* @return the updated value
* @since 1.8
*/
public final V accumulateAndGet(V x,
BinaryOperator<V> accumulatorFunction) {
V prev, next;
do {
prev = get();
next = accumulatorFunction.apply(prev, x);
} while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
return next;
}
/**
* Returns the String representation of the current value.
* @return the String representation of the current value
*/
public String toString() {
return String.valueOf(get());
}
}
说明:AtomicReference的源码比较简单。它是通过"volatile"和"Unsafe提供的CAS函数实现"原子操作。(01) value是volatile类型。这保证了:当某线程修改value的值时,其他线程看到的value值都是最新的value值,即修改之后的volatile的值。(02) 通过CAS设置value。这保证了:当某线程池通过CAS函数(如compareAndSet函数)设置value时,它的操作是原子的,即线程在操作value时不会被中断。
AtomicReference示例
// AtomicReferenceTest.java的源码
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
public class AtomicReferenceTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
// 创建两个Person对象,它们的id分别是101和102。
Person p1 = new Person(101);
Person p2 = new Person(102);
// 新建AtomicReference对象,初始化它的值为p1对象
AtomicReference ar = new AtomicReference(p1);
// 通过CAS设置ar。如果ar的值为p1的话,则将其设置为p2。
ar.compareAndSet(p1, p2);
Person p3 = (Person)ar.get();
System.out.println("p3 is "+p3);
System.out.println("p3.equals(p1)="+p3.equals(p1));
}
}
class Person {
volatile long id;
public Person(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String toString() {
return "id:"+id;
}
}
运行结果:
p3 is id:102
p3.equals(p1)=false
结果说明:新建AtomicReference对象ar时,将它初始化为p1。紧接着,通过CAS函数对它进行设置。如果ar的值为p1的话,则将其设置为p2。最后,获取ar对应的对象,并打印结果。p3.equals(p1)的结果为false,这是因为Person并没有覆盖equals()方法,而是采用继承自Object.java的equals()方法;而Object.java中的equals()实际上是调用"=="去比较两个对象,即比较两个对象的地址是否相等。