为了演示如何使用JPA（Java Persistence API）结合Thymeleaf来创建一个简单的增删改查（CRUD）应用，我们需要创建一个Spring Boot项目。下面，我将引导你完成创建这样一个应用的基本步骤。
1. 创建Spring Boot项目
首先，你需要创建一个Spring Boot项目。
2. 配置数据库
在src/main/resources/application.properties文件中配置你的数据库连接。以下是一个使用H2内存数据库的示例配置：
application.properties复制代码
spring.application.name=iot-manager
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
logging.level.root=warn
logging.level.com.bdqn.iotmanager.mapper=trace
logging.pattern.console=%p%m%n
#加载sql日志
#mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis-config.xml
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.bdqn.entity
#MVC配置
#spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
#spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#初始化大小、最小、最大连接数
spring.datasource.druid.initial-size=3
spring.datasource.druid.min-idle=3
spring.datasource.druid.max-active=10
#配置获取连接等待超时的时间
spring.datasource.druid.max-wait=60000
#监控后台账号和密码
spring.datasource.druid.stat-view-servlet.login-username=admin
spring.datasource.druid.stat-view-servlet.login-password=admin
#配置StatFilter
spring.datasource.druid.filter.stat.log-slow-sql=true
spring.datasource.druid.filter.stat.slow-sql-millis=2000
3. 创建实体类
例如，我们创建一个简单的IotDevices实体类：
package com.bdqn.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
import java.io.Serial;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@ToString
public class IotDevices implements Serializable {
@Serial
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Long deviceId;
private String deviceName;
private String manufacturer;
private String model;
private String installationDate;
private String lastMaintenanceDate;
private String location;
private String ip;
private Integer status;
}
4. 编写Mapper SQL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace是实体类接口文件路径 -->
<mapper namespace="com.bdqn.mapper.IotDevicesMapper">
<resultMap id="IotDevicesInfo" type="com.bdqn.entity.IotDevices">
<id property="deviceId" column="device_id"/>
<result property="deviceName" column="device_name"/>
<result property="installationDate" column="installation_date"/>
<result property="lastMaintenanceDate" column="last_maintenance_date"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getList" resultMap="IotDevicesInfo">
select * from iot_devices order by installation_date desc
</select>
<select id="iotDevicesById" resultMap="IotDevicesInfo">
select * from iot_devices where device_id = #{deviceId}
</select>
<update id="upd">
update iot_devices
<set>
<if test="deviceName != null and deviceName != ''">
,device_name = #{deviceName}
</if>
<if test="manufacturer != null and manufacturer != ''">
,manufacturer = #{manufacturer}
</if>
<if test="model != null and model != ''">
,model = #{model}
</if>
<if test="installationDate != null and installationDate != ''">
,installation_date = #{installationDate}
</if>
<if test="lastMaintenanceDate != null and lastMaintenanceDate != ''">
,last_maintenance_date = #{lastMaintenanceDate}
</if>
<if test="location != null and location != ''">
,location = #{location}
</if>
<if test="ip != null and ip != ''">
,ip = #{ip}
</if>
<if test="status != null">
,status = #{status}
</if>
</set>
where
device_id = #{deviceId}
</update>
<delete id="del">
delete from iot_devices where device_id = #{deviceId}
</delete>
</mapper><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace是实体类接口文件路径 -->
<mapper namespace="com.bdqn.mapper.IotDevicesMapper">
<resultMap id="IotDevicesInfo" type="com.bdqn.entity.IotDevices">
<id property="deviceId" column="device_id"/>
<result property="deviceName" column="device_name"/>
<result property="installationDate" column="installation_date"/>
<result property="lastMaintenanceDate" column="last_maintenance_date"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getList" resultMap="IotDevicesInfo">
select * from iot_devices order by installation_date desc
</select>
<select id="iotDevicesById" resultMap="IotDevicesInfo">
select * from iot_devices where device_id = #{deviceId}
</select>
<update id="upd">
update iot_devices
<set>
<if test="deviceName != null and deviceName != ''">
,device_name = #{deviceName}
</if>
<if test="manufacturer != null and manufacturer != ''">
,manufacturer = #{manufacturer}
</if>
<if test="model != null and model != ''">
,model = #{model}
</if>
<if test="installationDate != null and installationDate != ''">
,installation_date = #{installationDate}
</if>
<if test="lastMaintenanceDate != null and lastMaintenanceDate != ''">
,last_maintenance_date = #{lastMaintenanceDate}
</if>
<if test="location != null and location != ''">
,location = #{location}
</if>
<if test="ip != null and ip != ''">
,ip = #{ip}
</if>
<if test="status != null">
,status = #{status}
</if>
</set>
where
device_id = #{deviceId}
</update>
<delete id="del">
delete from iot_devices where device_id = #{deviceId}
</delete>
</mapper>5. 创建服务层
创建一个服务层来处理业务逻辑：
package com.bdqn.service;
import com.bdqn.entity.IotDevices;
import java.util.List;
public interface IotDevicesService {
List<IotDevices> getList();
IotDevices iotDevicesById(Long id);
int upd(IotDevices iotDevices);
int del(Long id);
}
6. 创建控制器
创建一个控制器来处理HTTP请求并调用服务层：
package com.bdqn.controller;
import com.bdqn.entity.IotDevices;
import com.bdqn.service.IotDevicesService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class IotDevicesController {
@Resource
private IotDevicesService iotDevicesService;
@GetMapping("/list")
public String getList(Model model) {
List<IotDevices> list = iotDevicesService.getList();
model.addAttribute("list", list);
for (IotDevices iotDevices : list) {
System.out.println(iotDevices);
}
return "list";
}
// 使用@ResponseBody注解，将方法的返回值直接作为响应体返回
@ResponseBody
// 使用@GetMapping注解，指定请求路径为"/del/{id}"
@GetMapping("/del/{id}")
// 定义一个方法，参数为id，类型为Long
public String del(@PathVariable Long id) {
// 调用iotDevicesService的del方法，传入id，返回值为num
int num = iotDevicesService.del(id);
// 定义一个字符串变量result，初始值为"fales"
String result = "fales";
// 如果num大于0，则将result的值改为"ture"
if (num > 0) {
result = "true";
}
// 返回result
return result;
}
@GetMapping("/toUpd/{id}")
public String upd(@PathVariable Long id, Model model){
IotDevices iotDevices = iotDevicesService.iotDevicesById(id);
System.out.println(iotDevices);
model.addAttribute("iotDevices",iotDevices);
return "update";
}
@PostMapping("/doUpd")
public String doUpd(IotDevices iotDevices, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
int row = iotDevicesService.upd(iotDevices);
if (row > 0){
out.print("<script>alert('修改成功！');location.href = '/list';</script>");
}else{
out.print("<script>alert('修改失败！');location.href = '/toUpd/" + iotDevices.getDeviceId() + "';</script>");
}
out.flush();
out.close();
return null;
}
}
7. 创建Thymeleaf模板
在src/main/resources/templates/list.html目录下创建HTML模板。例如，list.html用于显示所有Person对象：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
td{
text-align: center;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th{
background-color: dimgray;
}
table td,th {
border:1px solid black;
}
a{
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<script src="https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<h1>物联设备信息管理</h1>
<tr>
<th>设备ID</th>
<th>设备名称</th>
<th>设备制造商</th>
<th>型号</th>
<th>安装日期</th>
<th>最后维护日期</th>
<th>设备位置</th>
<th>设备IP地址</th>
<th>设备状态</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="iotDevices,status : ${list}">
<td th:text="${iotDevices.deviceId}">设备ID</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.deviceName}">设备名称</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.manufacturer}">设备制造商</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.model}">型号</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.installationDate}">安装日期</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.lastMaintenanceDate}">最后维护日期</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.location}">设备位置</td>
<td th:text="${iotDevices.ip}">设备IP地址</td>
<td th:switch="${iotDevices.status}">
<span th:case="0" style="color: dimgray;font-weight: bold">离线</span>
<span th:case="1" style="color: #0ac70a;font-weight: bold">在线</span>
<span th:case="2" style="color: red;font-weight: bold">维护中</span>
</td>
<td>
<a th:href="'/toUpd/' + ${iotDevices.deviceId}" >修改</a>
<a href="#" th:onclick="'del(' + ${iotDevices.deviceId} + ')'">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
$("tr:odd").css("background-color","#fcd1bd");
function del(id){
if (!confirm("确定要删除此条数据吗？")){
return;
}
$.ajax({
url:"/del/" + id,
type:"GET",
dataType:"text",
success:function (res){
if (res == "true"){
alert("删除成功！");
}else{
alert("删除失败！");
}
location.href = "/list";
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>8. 运行应用
现在，你可以运行你的Spring Boot应用，并通过浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/list来查看你的CRUD界面（虽然这里只显示了列表页面）。你需要进一步实现表单和路由来完整实现增删改功能。
总结
这个简单的例子展示了如何使用Spring Boot、JPA和Thymeleaf来创建一个具有基本CRUD功能的Web应用。当然，这只是一个起点，实际应用中可能需要更复杂的业务逻辑、更复杂的UI以及更多的安全和性能考虑。
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