OSPF简单多区域及末梢区域配置

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前言

上节，介绍了OSPF的多区域和末梢区域，这一节简单给各位介绍下配置。

一、简单实验题

二、简单OSPF配置

1、先配置各个路由端口的基本配置

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]user- con 0
[R1-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]q

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]user- con 0
[R2-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R2-ui-console0]q
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loopb 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R3
[R3]user- con 0
[R3-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R3-ui-console0]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]q

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]user- con 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]id 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loopb 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]q

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R5
[R5]user- con 0
[R5-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R5-ui-console0]q
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.0.0.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]q

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]user- con 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]id 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys R6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.0.0.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 32
[R6-LoopBack0]q

2、配置OSPF

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R1-ospf-1]q

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R2-ospf-1]q

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]q

[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R4-ospf-1]area 2
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R4-ospf-1]q

[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]area 2
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 56.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R5-ospf-1]q

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 56.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R6-ospf-1]q

3、路由表及连通性（以R1为例）

记得需要等一段时间，因为配置完OSPF后，需要进行选举DR、BDR等一系列通信，大概十秒左右就行

[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 17       Routes : 17       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   2           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   3           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  OSPF    10   4           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  OSPF    10   5           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     12.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   4           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       56.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   5           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
  PING 6.6.6.6: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=70 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=60 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=60 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=40 ms

  --- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/54/70 ms

三、 末梢区域配置

1、配置

上面我们看到了简单的OSPF多区域配置，这个时候，我们把区域1的R1改成末梢配置，其他区域配置不变再看一下，

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R1-ospf-1]q

因为R2是ABR，R1的变更信息需要ABR进行宣告，所以也得配置

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R2-ospf-1]q

2、连通性及路由表

我们看下R1的路由表和连通性

[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 18       Routes : 18       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   OSPF    10   2           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   2           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   3           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  OSPF    10   4           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  OSPF    10   5           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     12.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   4           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       56.0.0.0/24  OSPF    10   5           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
  PING 6.6.6.6: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=50 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=30 ms

  --- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/40/50 ms

3、变化

这时候我们发现，R1的路由表例多出了一条默认的0.0.0.0的路由，连通性没有变化，依然可以通信。

四、 完全末梢区域配置

1、配置

这次我们来了解下完全末梢区域，依然是只改动区域1的路由配置。
首先，因为R2是ABR，R1的变更信息需要ABR进行宣告，所以我们配置R2来宣告R1的完全末梢区域

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]undo stub
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

2、查看R1的连通性及路由表

[R1]dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   OSPF    10   2           D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       12.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     12.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
  PING 6.6.6.6: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=30 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=40 ms

  --- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/38/40 ms

3、变化

我们可以发现，R1路由表例的其他路由不见了，但是多了一条0.0.0.0的默认路由，这就是LSA3里只剩下一条默认路由，LS3的其他都没有了，但是通信完全没问题。

五、总结

OSPF有其特别的用处，对以后的学习很重要，大家需要好好学习，明天或者今天赶更继续更新OSPF的重要一章节：虚链路。